Evaluation of the Ticket to Work Program -
January 2006

Implementation Experience During the Second Two Years of Operations (2003-2004)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

ACRONYMS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND ON TICKET TO WORK AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION

B. OVERVIEW OF THE EVALUATION AND THIS REPORT

C. DATA SOURCES FOR THIS REPORT

CHAPTER II: BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION IN TICKET TO WORK

A. ROLLOUT STATISTICS

B. PREDICTORS OF PARTICIPATION

C. PREDICTORS OF PROVIDER AND PAYMENT TYPE

CHAPTER III: BENEFICIARY CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYMENT PERSPECTIVES

A. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS

B. SOURCES OF INCOME AND OTHER ASSISTANCE

C. USE OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICES AND AWARENESS OF TTW

D. EMPLOYMENT AND EXPECTATIONS ABOUT EMPLOYMENT

E. SUMMARY

CHAPTER IV: EARLY OUTCOMES FOR TICKET RECIPIENTS

A. TARGET POPULATION AND OUTCOME MEASURES  

B. OUTCOMES BY PROGRAM

C. OUTCOMES BY PROGRAM AND TTW PARTICIPATION STATUS

D. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

CHAPTER V: EN PARTICIPATION IN TICKET TO WORK

A. OVERVIEW OF EN AVAILABILITY

B. EN PARTICIPATION DECISION AND SUCCESS IN TTW

C. EN MARKETING, SCREENING, AND TICKET-TAKING BEHAVIOR

D. EN SERVICES

E. EN SUGGESTIONS FOR PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS

F. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER VI: STATE VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION AGENCY PARTICIPATION IN TICKET TO WORK

A. SVRA PROGRAMS AND THE PARTICIPATION OF SSA BENEFICIARIES

B. TICKET ASSIGNMENT PRACTICES

C. USE OF NEW TTW PAYMENT OPTIONS

D. SVRA-EN RELATIONSHIPS

E. EFFECT OF TTW ON SVRAs AND THE TRADITIONAL VR REIMBURSEMENT PROGRAM

F. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

CHAPTER VII: RECENT PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

A. ROLLOUT SCHEDULE

B. RULES, REGULATION AND OTHER GUIDANCE

C. THE TTW CALL CENTER

D. MARKETING AND OUTREACH

E. EN ENROLLMENT

F. TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES

G. SYSTEMS ENHANCEMENTS

H. PAYMENTS

I. TIMELY PROGRESS

J. OTHER SSA INITIATIVES

K. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

CHAPTER VIII: EN COST AND REVENUE

A. FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING EN COSTS AND REVENUES

B. ENs' EARLY NET REVENUE EXPERIENCE

C. FACTORS NECESSARY FOR ENs TO BECOME FINANCIALLY VIABLE

D. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

CHAPTER IX: ADEQUACY OF INCENTIVES

A. INDIVIDUALS WHO NEED ONGOING SUPPORT AND SERVICES OR HIGH-COST ACCOMMODATIONS (AOI GROUPS 1 & 2)

B. INDIVIDUALS WHO EARN A SUBMINIMUM WAGE OR WHO WORK AND RECEIVE PARTIAL CASH BENEFITS (AOI GROUPS 3 & 4)

C. PLANS FOR FUTURE ANALYSES

 

CHAPTER X: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

A. THE INITIAL TTW ROLLOUT HAS BEEN COMPLETED; EFFORTS NOW FOCUS ON ONGOING OPERATIONS

B. BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION CONTINUES TO GROW BUT REMAINS VERY LOW

C. SVRA PARTICIPATION REMAINS STRONG BUT APPEARS TO HAVE FALLEN OFF SOMEWHAT IN MORE RECENT MONTHS

D. PROVIDER INTEREST IN TTW IS ON THE WANE

E. THERE IS LITTLE EVIDENCE THAT TTW HAS LED TO A SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE IN THE DELIVERY OF SERVICES TO BENEFICIARIES

F. INITIAL SURVEY FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT TTW MAY HAVE UNREALIZED POTENTIAL

G. OBSERVED TRENDS IN BENEFICIARY OUTCOMES ARE CONSISTENT WITH TTW HAVING A SMALL EFFECT ON BENEFICIARY BEHAVIOR

H. THE NEW FINDINGS REINFORCE THE PRESSING NEED FOR CHANGE IF THE PROGRAM IS TO REALIZE ITS POTENTIAL

 

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES CORRESPONDING TO FIGURES IN CHAPTER IV

APPENDIX B: PROVIDER-SPECIFIC CASE STUDY SUMMARIES

APPENDIX C: DEFINING THE FOUR ADEQUACY OF INCENTIVES GROUPS

APPENDIX D: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY

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