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Selected Research & Analysis: Health Insurance (Including Medicare and Medicaid)

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Characteristics of Noninstitutionalized DI, SSI, and OASI Program Participants, 2016 Update
Research and Statistics Note No. 2022-01 (released April 2022)
by Matt Messel and Brad Trenkamp

The authors use data from the March 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey matched to Social Security administrative records to produce tables providing detailed information on the economic and demographic characteristics of Disability Insurance beneficiaries and Supplemental Security Income recipients in calendar year 2016. The tables update those published in a 2015 Research and Statistics Note that used 2013 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a 2014 Research and Statistics Note that used 2010 SIPP data, and a 2008 Research and Statistics Note that used 2002 SIPP data. For this note, the authors add tables showing selected characteristics of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance beneficiaries.

The Prevalence of Employer-Provided Benefits by Industry of Employment and Implications for Social Security Disability Insurance Claiming Behavior
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 79, No. 1 (released February 2019)
by Ӧzlen D. Luznar and Jackson Costa

Policymakers seek effective ways to restore or maintain the labor force participation of current and potential Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries. The availability of certain types of employer-provided benefits may affect whether workers with health impairments are able to maintain employment. In this research note, we use National Compensation Survey data to estimate the availability of employer-sponsored health insurance and paid leave by industry of employment.

The Incidence and Consequences of Private Sector Job Loss in the Great Recession
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 78, No. 1 (released February 2018)
by Kenneth A. Couch, Gayle L. Reznik, Howard M. Iams, and Christopher R. Tamborini

This article examines the extent and economic consequences of involuntary unemployment among private-sector workers aged 26–55 during the Great Recession. Using data from the 2008 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, the authors document the effects of involuntary unemployment on earnings, income, and health insurance coverage during the economic downturn and compare outcomes across worker demographic subgroups. Those outcomes are tracked at annual intervals over a 3-year follow-up period and are compared with those of workers who did not experience a job loss. The authors discuss their findings in the context of retirement security in general and Social Security in particular.

Distributional Effects of Applying Social Security Taxes to Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Premiums
Policy Brief No. 2016-01 (released August 2016)
by Kathleen Romig, Dave Shoffner, and Kevin Whitman

This policy brief analyzes how applying the Social Security tax to employer-sponsored health insurance premiums could affect Social Security beneficiaries. Specifically, the brief examines an option presented by the Social Security Advisory Board in which both employee and employer premiums would count as wages for Social Security tax calculations, and later for benefit calculations. Using the Modeling Income in the Near Term model, the results show that for most Social Security beneficiaries aged 60 or older from 2017 to 2080, benefits would gradually increase and the poverty rate would decrease faster than the rate under current law. Counting employer-sponsored health insurance premiums as wages for Social Security purposes would increase Social Security taxes for most individuals and those taxes would increase more than Social Security benefits for individuals at all earning levels.

State Medicaid Eligibility and Enrollment Policies and Rates of Medicaid Participation among Disabled Supplemental Security Income Recipients
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 76, No. 3 (released August 2016)
by Kalman Rupp and Gerald F. Riley

In addition to providing income-maintenance payments to eligible participants, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program provides automatic Medicaid enrollment for applicants upon SSI award in most states. Other states require applicants to file a separate Medicaid application. Some use the SSI eligibility criteria for both programs; others use Medicaid eligibility rules that are more restrictive. The authors use matched monthly longitudinal administrative records to test whether automatic enrollment has a positive effect on Medicaid coverage. Using logistic regression with a combination of repeated cross-section and regression discontinuity approaches, they find positive effects of automatic enrollment on Medicaid coverage relative to other policies. The differences are attributable to a discontinuous increase in Medicaid coverage shortly after the final disability determination decision. The time lag arising from the often-lengthy disability determination process reduces the effectiveness of automatic enrollment, which depends critically on timeliness of the final award decision.

Effects of Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Costs on Social Security Taxable Wages
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 73, No. 1 (released February 2013)
by Gary Burtless and Sveta Milusheva

The rising cost of employer contributions for employee health insurance reduces the percentage of compensation subject to Social Security payroll taxes. This article uses the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to analyze trends in the cost of employer health insurance contributions relative to money wages and total compensation. The analysis shows how increasing employer health insurance premium costs from 1996 to 2008 reduced the percentage of compensation subject to payroll taxes, and it predicts the effects of health insurance reform on taxable compensation.

Profile of Social Security Disabled Workers and Dependents Who Have a Connection to Workers' Compensation or Public Disability Benefits
Research and Statistics Note No. 2012-03 (released September 2012)
by Rene Parent, Incigul Sayman, and Kevin Kulzer

This note provides a comprehensive profile of the characteristics of disability beneficiaries with a connection to workers' compensation or public disability benefits (PDBs). The 8.3 percent of disabled workers who have this connection tend to be economically better off, more frequently middle aged, male, afflicted with a musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorder, and tend to wait longer to apply for social security disability benefits after onset than the general disabled-worker population. In our analysis, we have included a special focus on California, as this state represents a large portion of the PDB workload, and its experience has a substantial effect on the national picture.

Workplace Injuries and the Take-Up of Social Security Disability Benefits
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 72, No. 3 (released August 2012)
by Paul O'Leary, Leslie I. Boden, Seth A. Seabury, Al Ozonoff, and Ethan Scherer

Workplace injuries and illnesses are an important cause of disability. States have designed their workers' compensation programs to provide cash and medical-care benefits for those injuries and illnesses, but people who become disabled at work may also be eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) and related Medicare benefits. This article uses matched state workers' compensation and Social Security data to estimate whether workplace injuries and illnesses increase the probability of receiving DI benefits and whether people who become DI beneficiaries receive benefits at younger ages.

Longitudinal Patterns of Medicaid and Medicare Coverage Among Disability Cash Benefit Awardees
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 72, No. 3 (released August 2012)
by Kalman Rupp and Gerald F. Riley

This article analyzes the effect of longitudinal interactions between the Disability Insurance (DI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs in providing access to Medicare and Medicaid, using a sample of administrative records spanning 84 months. Our study is the first effort to link and analyze record data on participation in all four of these major, and highly interrelated, public benefit programs in the United States. We find that SSI facilitates high levels of Medicaid coverage for SSI awardees overall and provides access to Medicaid for many DI awardees during the 24-month Medicare waiting period. Many people who exit SSI retain their Medicaid coverage, but the gap in coverage between continuing SSI participants and those who leave the program increases over time. After Medicare kicks in, public health insurance coverage is virtually complete among awardees with some DI involvement, including dual Medicaid and Medicare coverage for some.

Expanding Access to Health Care for Social Security Disability Insurance Beneficiaries: Early Findings from the Accelerated Benefits Demonstration
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70, No. 4 (released November 2010)
by Robert R. Weathers II, Chris Silanskis, Michelle Stegman, John T. Jones, and Susan Kalasunas

The Accelerated Benefits (AB) demonstration project provides health benefits to Social Security Disability Insurance beneficiaries who have no health insurance during the 24-month period most beneficiaries are required to wait before Medicare benefits begin. This article describes the project and presents baseline survey results on health insurance coverage among newly entitled beneficiaries and the characteristics of those without coverage. A 6-month follow-up survey provides information on the effects of the AB health benefits package on health care utilization and on reducing unmet medical needs. The article also reports the costs of providing the health benefits package during the 24-month Medicare waiting period.

Using Matched Survey and Administrative Data to Estimate Eligibility for the Medicare Part D Low-Income Subsidy Program
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70, No. 2 (released May 2010)
by Erik Meijer, Lynn A. Karoly, and Pierre-Carl Michaud

This article uses matched survey and administrative data to estimate, as of 2006, the size of the population eligible for the Low-Income Subsidy (LIS), which was designed to provide "extra help" with premiums, deductibles, and copayments for Medicare Part D beneficiaries with low income and limited assets. The authors employ individual-level data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and the Health and Retirement Study to cover the potentially LIS-eligible noninstitutionalized and institutionalized populations of all ages. The survey data are matched to Social Security administrative data to improve on potentially error-ridden survey measures of income components and program participation.

An Overview of the National Survey of SSI Children and Families and Related Products
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 66, No. 2 (released May 2006)
by Paul S. Davies and Kalman Rupp

During the first three decades of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, the number of children receiving SSI because of a disability increased from 70,000 in 1974 to about 1 million at the end of 2005. With over 8,500 interviews completed between July 2001 and June 2002, the National Survey of SSI Children and Families (NSCF) is the first nationally representative survey since 1978 of noninstitutionalized children and young adults who were receiving SSI during the survey period or had formerly received SSI. The article discusses the objectives of the survey, its methodology and implementation, content of the questionnaire, a randomized response-incentive experiment, and related products including the release of a public-use data file.

A Profile of Children with Disabilities Receiving SSI: Highlights from the National Survey of SSI Children and Families
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 66, No. 2 (released May 2006)
by Kalman Rupp, Paul S. Davies, Chad Newcomb, Howard M. Iams, Carrie Becker, Shanti Mulpuru, Stephen Ressler, Kathleen Romig, and Baylor Miller

This article, based on interviews from the National Survey of SSI Children and Families conducted between July 2001 and June 2002, presents a profile of children under the age of 18 who were receiving support from the Supplemental Security Income program. The topics highlighted provide information of SSI children with disabilities and their families not available from administrative records, including demographic characteristics, income and assets, perceived health and disabilities, and health care utilization. While virtually every child in the SSI program is covered by some form of health insurance, primarily Medicaid, the data indicate substantial heterogeneity on other variables. This is true on many different dimensions, such as the perceived severity of the child's disabling conditions, health care utilization and service needs, the presence of other family members with disabilities, family demographics, and access to non-SSI sources of incomes.

The Erosion of Retiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications for the Disability Insurance Program
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 63, No. 4 (released September 2001)
by Paul Fronstin

The number of companies offering health benefits to early retirees is declining, although reductions in the percentage of early retirees covered by health insurance have been only slight to date. In general, workers who will be covered by health insurance are more likely than other workers to retire before the age of 65, when they become eligible for Medicare. What effect that will have on claims under the Disability Insurance program is not yet clear.

Early Retirees Under Social Security: Health Status and Economic Resources
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 63, No. 4 (released September 2001)
by Michael V. Leonesio, Denton R. Vaughan, and Bernard Wixon

Policies that would reduce or eliminate Social Security benefits for early retirees could have adverse consequences for older workers in poor health. This article documents the health and financial circumstances of beneficiaries aged 62–64. It examines the extent to which poor health limits work among early retirees and assesses the extent to which curtailment of early retirement benefits might lead to increases in the Disability Insurance program rolls.

Variation of Employee Benefit Costs by Age
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 63, No. 4 (released September 2001)
by Anna Rappaport

How much an employer pays for employee benefits varies widely and depends on the age of the workforce and the structure of the benefits package offered. In general, costs increase for older workforces. The factors driving the differences in cost by age are the time value of money, employee pay, and rates of health care use, disability, and death. Case studies show how the benefit package varies by age in a large traditional company, a large financial services company, and a medium-sized retail company. An illustration is also provided for retirement benefits from two sample plans to show how the benefits are earned over time.

Noncash Income, Equivalence Scales, and the Measurement of Economic Well-Being
ORES Working Paper No. 63 (released October 1994)
by Daniel B. Radner

The economic well-being of subgroups of the population usually is measured by comparing resources and needs. The measure of resources often includes noncash income. Equivalence scales are used to adjust for differential needs. Little attention, however, has been paid to the desirability of consistency between the specifications of the resources and the equivalence scales in these comparisons. This exploratory paper suggests that a lack of consistency between the definitions used on the income and the needs sides can be important for the assessment of the economic well-being of subgroups when some types of noncash income are included in the definition of income. The measured economic status of the aged in the United States when Medicare noncash income is included in the definition of income is used as an example of this consistency problem. Some previous estimates have used equivalence scales that probably understated the relative needs of the aged by omitting needs associated with Medicare. The measured economic well-being of the aged relative to that of other age groups could be overestimated substantially as a result of this consistency problem. The basic problem is not confined to the treatment of Medicare or to the United States, but is much broader in nature.

Protection Against Income Loss During the First 6 Months of Illness or Injury
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 3 (released July 1994)
by Wilmer L. Kerns
The Hazard of Mortality Among Aging Retired- and Disabled-Worker Men: A Comparative Sociodemographic and Health Status Analysis
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 3 (released July 1994)
by John L. McCoy, Howard M. Iams, and Timothy Armstrong
Income, Assets, and Health Insurance: Economic Resources for Meeting Acute Health Care Needs of the Aged
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 1 (released January 1992)
by Linda Del Bene and Denton R. Vaughan
Health Insurance Coverage Among Recently Entitled Disability Insurance Beneficiaries: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52, No. 11 (released November 1989)
by L. Scott Muller
Eliminating the Medicare Waiting Period for Social Security Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52, No. 5 (released May 1989)
by Barry V. Bye and Gerald F. Riley
Statistical Methods for the Estimation of Costs in the Medicare Waiting Period for Social Security Disabled Worker Beneficiaries
ORES Working Paper No. 37 (released March 1989)
by Barry V. Bye and Gerald F. Riley

This paper presents the statistical methods used to estimate Medicare costs in the waiting period that were presented in text tables 2–3 of Bye and Riley (1989). The first part describes the development of Medicare utilization equations for each Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program status group. The second part describes how these equations were used to predict expected costs per month and how the monthly estimates were aggregated to yield estimates of costs in the full 2-year waiting period and in the second year only. Finally, there is a brief discussion of the accuracy of the predictions.

The Effect of Health on Retirement
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50, No. 2 (released February 1987)
by Frank J. Sammartino
Recent Trends in Health Near the Age of Retirement: New Findings From the Health Interview Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50, No. 2 (released February 1987)
by Martynas A. Yčas
Health Status of New Retired-Worker Beneficiaries: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48, No. 2 (released February 1985)
by Michael D. Packard
Health Care Coverage of Survivor Families With Children: Determinants and Consequences
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47, No. 2 (released February 1984)
by Philip B. Springer
Chile Changes its Health Care System
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46, No. 12 (released December 1983)
by Barbara E. Kritzer
Mortality and Early Retirement
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45, No. 12 (released December 1982)
The Health of Very Early Retirees
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45, No. 9 (released September 1982)
by Eric R. Kingson
Health Care Expenditures in Nine Industrialized Countries, 1960–76
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43, No. 1 (released January 1980)
by Joseph G. Simanis and John R. Coleman
Age Differences in Health Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1977
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 1 (released January 1979)
by Robert M. Gibson and Charles R. Fisher
A Study of Medical Care Use Under Two Comprehensive Prepaid Plans
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 1 (released January 1979)
by Anne A. Scitovsky
Private Health Insurance Plans In 1976: An Evaluation
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 9 (released September 1978)
by Marjorie Smith Carroll
National Health Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1977
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 7 (released July 1978)
by Robert M. Gibson and Charles R. Fisher
Health Status Among Low-Income Elderly Persons: Rural-Urban Differences
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 6 (released June 1978)
by John L. McCoy and David L. Brown
Age Differences in Health Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1976
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 8 (released August 1977)
by Robert M. Gibson, Marjorie Smith Mueller, and Charles R. Fisher
Private Health Insurance in 1975: Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 6 (released June 1977)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller
Coinsurance and the Demand for Physician Services: Four Years Later
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 5 (released May 1977)
by Anne A. Scitovsky and Nelda McCall
National Health Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1976
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 4 (released April 1977)
by Robert M. Gibson and Marjorie Smith Mueller
Health Maintenance Organization Amendments of 1976
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 4 (released April 1977)
by Alfred M. Skolnik
Private Industry Health Insurance Plans: Type of Administration and Insurer in 1974
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 3 (released March 1977)
by Daniel N. Price
Private Industry Health Insurance Plans: Employment Requirements for Coverage in 1974
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 3 (released March 1977)
by Andrea Novotny
Ten Years of Medicare: Impact on the Covered Population
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 7 (released July 1976)
by Marian Gornick
Chronology of Health Insurance Proposals, 1915–76
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 7 (released July 1976)
Age Differences in Health Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1975
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 6 (released June 1976)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller and Robert M. Gibson
Contrasts in HMO and Fee-for-Service Performance
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 5 (released May 1976)
by Clifton R. Gaus, Barbara S. Cooper, and Constance G. Hirschman
Hospital Organization Effectiveness of Patient Care
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 4 (released April 1976)
by Gerald Gordon
Private Health Insurance in 1974: A Review of Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 3 (released March 1976)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller and Paula A. Piro
Health Benefits for Laidoff Workers
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 2 (released February 1976)
by Daniel N. Price
National Health Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1975
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 2 (released February 1976)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller and Robert M. Gibson
The Interaction Between Health and Education
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 12 (released December 1975)
by Mordechai E. Lando
Compulsory Health Insurance in Hawaii
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 12 (released December 1975)
by Alfred M. Skolnik
Expenditures for Hospital Care and Physicians' Services: Factors Affecting Annual Changes
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 11 (released November 1975)
by Nancy L. Worthington
Health Insurance for the Unemployed Abroad
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 9 (released September 1975)
by Frankie P. Taylor and Leif Haanes-Olsen
Age Differences in Health Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1974
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 6 (released June 1975)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller and Robert M. Gibson
Paying for Health Care in the Years Before Retirement
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 4 (released April 1975)
by Dena K. Motley
Private Health Insurance in 1973: A Review of Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 2 (released February 1975)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller
National Health Expenditures, 1929–74
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 2 (released February 1975)
by Nancy L. Worthington
HIP Incentive Reimbursement Experiment: Utilization and Costs of Medical Care, 1969 and 1970
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 12 (released December 1974)
by Ellen W. Jones, Paul M. Densen, Isidore Altman, Sam Shapiro, and Howard West
Value for Money in Health Services
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 7 (released July 1974)
by Brian Abel-Smith
Age Differences in Medical Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1973
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 5 (released May 1974)
by Barbara S. Cooper and Paula A. Piro
Group Health Insurance Coverage of Full-Time Employees, 1972
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 4 (released April 1974)
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz
Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 3 (released March 1974)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller
National Health Expenditures, 1929–73
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 2 (released February 1974)
by Barbara S. Cooper, Nancy L. Worthington, and Paula A. Piro
Private Health Insurance in 1972: Health Care Services, Enrollment, and Finances
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 2 (released February 1974)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller
Dental Insurance in Sweden
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36, No. 12 (released December 1973)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
The Financial Position of Private Community Hospitals, 1961–71
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36, No. 11 (released November 1973)
by Julian H. Pettengill
The European Experience in Social Health Insurance
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36, No. 7 (released July 1973)
by Jozef Van Langendonck
Age Differences in Medical Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1972
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36, No. 5 (released May 1973)
by Barbara S. Cooper and Nancy L. Worthington
Private Health Insurance in 1971: Health Care Services, Enrollment, and Finances
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36, No. 2 (released February 1973)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller
National Health Expenditures, 1929–72
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36, No. 1 (released January 1973)
by Barbara S. Cooper and Nancy L. Worthington
Health in the Years Before Retirement
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 12 (released December 1972)
by Dena K. Motley
Health Insurance for the Aged: Persons Insured, Mid-1966 to Mid-1970
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 9 (released September 1972)
by Martin Ruther
Effect of Coinsurance: A Multivariate Analysis
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 6 (released June 1972)
by Charles E. Phelps and Joseph P. Newhouse
Effect of Coinsurance on Use of Physician Services
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 6 (released June 1972)
by Anne A. Scitovsky and Nelda A. Snyder
Medical Care Spending for Three Age Groups
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 5 (released May 1972)
by Barbara S. Cooper and Nancy L. Worthington
Private Health Insurance in 1970: Population Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 2 (released February 1972)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller
National Health Expenditures, 1929–71
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 1 (released January 1972)
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper
Social Security Abroad
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 6 (released June 1971)
Domestic and Foreign Prescription Drug Prices
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 5 (released May 1971)
by Edmond M. Jacoby, Jr. and Dennis L. Hefner
Medical Care Outlays for Three Age Groups: Young, Intermediate, and Aged
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 5 (released May 1971)
by Barbara S. Cooper and Mary F. McGee
Private Health Insurance in 1969: A Review
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 2 (released February 1971)
by Marjorie Smith Mueller
National Health Expenditures, 1929–70
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 1 (released January 1971)
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper
Private Health Insurance in West Germany and Great Britain
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 10 (released October 1970)
by Joseph G. Simanis
Recommendations of the Task Force on Medicaid and Related Programs
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 9 (released September 1970)
Changes in the Sickness Insurance Program in Sweden
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 8 (released August 1970)
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
Health Insurance for the Aged: Amounts Reimbursed
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 6 (released June 1970)
by Louise B. Russell
National Health Expenditures, 1929–68
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 1 (released January 1970)
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper
Private Health Insurance, 1968: Enrollment, Coverage, and Financial Experience
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 12 (released December 1969)
by Louis S. Reed
Current Medicare Survey: Hospital Insurance Sample
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 11 (released November 1969)
by Sara Jane Peterson
Health Insurance For The Aged: Participating Health Facilities, July 1968
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 9 (released September 1969)
by James Hatten
Medical Care and Health Insurance Coverage: Their Use by Disabled Adults
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 6 (released June 1969)
by Mildred E. Cinsky and Gertrude Stanley
Medical Prices and Their Control
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 3 (released March 1969)
by Robert M. Ball
Private Health Insurance in the United States, 1967
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 2 (released February 1969)
by Louis S. Reed and Willine Carr
National Health Expenditures, 1950–67
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 1 (released January 1969)
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper
Utilization and Cost of General Hospital Care: Canada and the United States, 1948–66
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 11 (released November 1968)
by Louis S. Reed and Willine Carr
Health Insurance for the Aged: Participating Independent Laboratories
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 9 (released September 1968)
by Wayne Callahan and David Allen
Canadian Medical Care Insurance Inaugurated
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 9 (released September 1968)
Medicare and Federal Employees Health Benefits Programs: Their Coordination
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 9 (released September 1968)
by Louis S. Reed
Personal Health Care Expenditures of the Aged and Nonaged
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 8 (released August 1968)
by Dorothy P. Rice, Arne Anderson, and Barbara S. Cooper
National Health Expenditures, 1950–66
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 4 (released April 1968)
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper
Private Health Insurance: Coverage and Financial Experience, 1940–66
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 11 (released November 1967)
by Louis S. Reed
Current Medicare Survey: The Medical Insurance Sample
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 4 (released April 1967)
by Jack Scharff
National Health Expenditures, 1950–65
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 2 (released February 1967)
by Ruth S. Hanft
Health Insurance for the Aged: The Statistical Program
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 1 (released January 1967)
by Howard West
Private Health Insurance: Coverage and Financial Experience, 1965
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 11 (released November 1966)
by Louis S. Reed
National Health Expenditures, 1950–64
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 1 (released January 1966)
by Louis S. Reed and Ruth S. Hanft
Private Health Insurance in the United States: An Overview
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 12 (released December 1965)
by Louis S. Reed
Hospital Insurance, Supplementary Medical Insurance, and Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Financing Basis Under the 1965 Amendments
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 10 (released October 1965)
by Robert J. Myers and Francisco Bayo
Private Consumer Expenditures for Medical Care and Voluntary Health Insurance, 1948–63
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27, No. 12 (released December 1964)
by Louis S. Reed
National Health Expenditures: Object of Expenditures and Source of Funds, 1962
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27, No. 8 (released August 1964)
by Louis S. Reed and Dorothy P. Rice
Medical Care Costs for the Aged: First Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27, No. 7 (released July 1964)
by Elizabeth A. Langford
Health Insurance Coverage of the Aged and Their Hospital Utilization in 1962: Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27, No. 7 (released July 1964)
by Dorothy P. Rice
Private Consumer Expenditures for Medical Care and Voluntary Health Insurance, 1948–62
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26, No. 12 (released December 1963)
by Louis S. Reed and Dorothy P. Rice
Independent Health Insurance Plans, 1962
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26, No. 9 (released September 1963)
by Louis S. Reed
Estimated Expenditures for Medical Care of Aged Persons, 1961
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26, No. 7 (released July 1963)
by Dorothy P. Rice
Independent Health Insurance Plans, 1961 Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26, No. 2 (released February 1963)
by Donald G. Hay
Private Medical Care Expenditures and Voluntary Health Insurance, 1948–61
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 12 (released December 1962)
by Louis S. Reed and Dorothy P. Rice
Public Welfare Amendments of 1962 and Proposals for Health Insurance for the Aged
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 10 (released October 1962)
by Wilbur J. Cohen and Robert M. Ball
Private Medical Care Expenditures and Voluntary Health Insurance, 1948–60
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24, No. 12 (released December 1961)
by Louis S. Reed
Independent Plans Providing Medical Care and Hospital Insurance: 1959 Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24, No. 2 (released February 1961)
by Agnes W. Brewster
Voluntary Health Insurance and Private Medical Care Expenditures, 1948–59
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23, No. 12 (released December 1960)
by Agnes W. Brewster
Voluntary Health Insurance and Medical Care Expenditures, 1948–58
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22, No. 12 (released December 1959)
by Agnes W. Brewster
Blue Cross Provisions for Aged Persons, Late 1958
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22, No. 5 (released May 1959)
by Agnes W. Brewster and Ruth Bloodgood
Medical Care Costs of Aged OASI Beneficiaries: Highlights from Preliminary Data, 1957 Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22, No. 4 (released April 1959)
Voluntary Health Insurance and Medical Care Expenditures: A Ten-Year Review
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21, No. 12 (released December 1958)
by Agnes W. Brewster
Nursing Homes: Public and Private Financing of Care Today
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21, No. 5 (released May 1958)
by Fred R. Brown
Independent Plans Providing Medical Care and Hospital Insurance: 1957 Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21, No. 4 (released April 1958)
by Agnes W. Brewster
Voluntary Health Insurance and Medical Care Costs, 1948–56
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 12 (released December 1957)
Health Services for America's Indians
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 2 (released February 1957)
by James R. Shaw
Expenditures for Hospital Care, 1953–55
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 2 (released February 1957)
by Agnes W. Brewster
Voluntary Health Insurance and Medical Care Costs, 1948–55
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. 12 (released December 1956)
Health Insurance Protection and Medical Care Expenditures: Findings from Three Family Surveys
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. 11 (released November 1956)
by Agnes W. Brewster and Simon Dinitz
Trends of Mortality in the United States Since 1900
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. 11 (released November 1956)
by Paul W. Nowlin
Group-Practice Prepayment Plans: 1954 Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. 6 (released June 1956)
by Agnes W. Brewster
The Growth of Voluntary Health Insurance: 1948–54
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 12 (released December 1955)
Medical Care for Needy Persons in Maryland
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 11 (released November 1955)
by Ida C. Merriam and Laura F. Rosen
Incapacity and Hospital Care of Aged Beneficiaries of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 7 (released July 1955)
by Dorothy McCamman and Agnes W. Brewster
Independent Plans Providing Medical Care and Hospital Insurance: 1954 Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 4 (released April 1955)
by Agnes W. Brewster
Trends Affecting Public and Voluntary Social Welfare Planning
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 2 (released February 1955)
by Charles I. Schottland
Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness: 1948–53 Estimates
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 12 (released December 1954)
Voluntary Health Insurance Coverage of Aged Beneficiaries of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 8 (released August 1954)
by Dorothy McCamman and Agnes W. Brewster
Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness: 1948–52 Estimates
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 12 (released December 1953)
Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness: 1948–51 Estimates
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15, No. 12 (released December 1952)
Hospitalization Insurance and Hospital Utilization Among Aged Persons: March 1952 Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15, No. 11 (released November 1952)
by I. S. Falk and Agnes W. Brewster
Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness: 1950 Estimates
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 12 (released December 1951)
Medical Care Expenditures of Beneficiaries in Three Cities
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 11 (released November 1951)
Independent Plans Providing Medical Care and Hospital Insurance: 1950 Survey
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 5 (released May 1951)
by Agnes W. Brewster
Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness, 1949 Estimates
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 3 (released March 1951)
Benefits and Contributions Under National Compulsory Health Insurance Programs
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 1 (released January 1951)
Prepaid Medical Care at Trinity Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1941 and 1942
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12, No. 9 (released September 1949)
by Margaret C. Klem
Cost Estimates for National Health Insurance, 1948
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12, No. 8 (released August 1949)
by I. S. Falk
Program Developments and Benefit Trends in Voluntary Health Insurance
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 11 (released November 1948)
by Margaret C. Klem and Margaret F. McKiever
Medical Services Provided Under Prepayment Arrangements at Trinity Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1941
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 5 (released May 1947)
by Margaret C. Klem
Recent State Legislation Concerning Prepayment Medical Care
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 1 (released January 1947)
by Margaret C. Klem
Financial Aspects of Medical Care Insurance
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 12 (released December 1946)
by I. S. Falk
The Hospital Survey and Construction Act
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 10 (released October 1946)
by V. M. Hoge
The World Health Organization
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 10 (released October 1946)
Commercial Nursing and Boarding Homes in Philadelphia
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 6 (released June 1946)
by Margaret K. Bishop
Costs of Medical Care of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Beneficiaries in St. Louis and 12 Ohio Cities
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 1 (released January 1946)
by Lelia M. Easson
How Can We Assure Adequate Health Service for All the People?
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 12 (released December 1945)
by Arthur J. Altmeyer
A National Health Program: Message From the President
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 12 (released December 1945)
Medical Care for Persons in Need
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 5 (released May 1945)
by Arthur J. Altmeyer
Disability and Medical Care Insurance: An Excerpt From the Board's Ninth Annual Report
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 1 (released January 1945)
The Public Health Service Act, 1944
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 8 (released August 1944)
by Alanson W. Willcox
A National Health Service: Report of the Council of the British Medical Association
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 8 (released August 1944)
A Health Service Plan for South Africa
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 5 (released May 1944)
A National Health Service: The British White Paper
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 3 (released March 1944)
Some Recent Developments in Voluntary Health Insurance
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 8 (released August 1942)
by Margaret C. Klem
Physical Condition and Medical Supervision of Nearly Two Million Aged Persons
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 2 (released February 1942)
by Anne E. Geddes
Medical Services Under Health Insurance Abroad
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 12 (released December 1940)
by I. S. Falk
Costs and Benefits Under Prepayment Medical-Service Plans
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 3 (released March 1940)
by Louis S. Reed
Physical Condition and Medical Care of 1,000,000 Recipients of Old-Age Assistance
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 3 (released March 1939)
A National Health Program
from Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 8 (released August 1938)