Selected Research & Analysis: Program Interactions
See also related Extramural Projects.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 78,
No. 4 (released November 2018)
by Jody Schimmel Hyde and Paul O'Leary
This article's authors use linked administrative data from the Social Security Administration (SSA) and the Department of Education's Rehabilitation Services Administration to evaluate SSA's investment in services provided by the federal-state Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) program. A unique data resource permits a comparison of the value of SSA payments to state VR agencies for services provided to disability program beneficiaries who find and maintain a substantial level of work with the value of the cash benefits those beneficiaries forgo because of work. The authors find that the value of cash benefits forgone by beneficiaries after applying for VR services is substantially greater than the value of SSA payments to state VR agencies for those services, although the portion of the difference that is attributable to VR services cannot be determined.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 77,
No. 4 (released November 2017)
by Austin Nichols, Lucie Schmidt, and Purvi Sevak
In this article, the authors examine the relationship between prevailing economic conditions and the likelihood of application for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments by jobless adults with disabilities. Using data for 1996–2010 from the Survey of Income and Program Participation linked to Social Security administrative records, the authors observe samples of jobless individuals and examine the state-level unemployment rates at both the time their unemployment spell began and at the time they applied for SSI.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 74,
No. 3 (released August 2014)
by L. Scott Muller, Nancy Early, and Justin Ronca
This article examines the experiences of veterans with service-connected disabilities who encounter the disability compensation program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Social Security Administration's Disability Insurance (DI) program. The authors use matched administrative records from both agencies to track the characteristics and experiences of veterans who received VA ratings of “totally disabled” during fiscal years 2000–2006, focusing on the timing and outcomes of their applications for DI benefits and the prevalence of the primary diagnoses identified by both programs. The authors pay special attention to diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury.
Research and Statistics Note
No. 2012-03 (released September 2012)
by Rene Parent, Incigul Sayman, and Kevin Kulzer
This note provides a comprehensive profile of the characteristics of disability beneficiaries with a connection to workers' compensation or public disability benefits (PDBs). The 8.3 percent of disabled workers who have this connection tend to be economically better off, more frequently middle aged, male, afflicted with a musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorder, and tend to wait longer to apply for social security disability benefits after onset than the general disabled-worker population. In our analysis, we have included a special focus on California, as this state represents a large portion of the PDB workload, and its experience has a substantial effect on the national picture.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 72,
No. 3 (released August 2012)
by Kalman Rupp and Gerald F. Riley
This article analyzes the effect of longitudinal interactions between the Disability Insurance (DI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs in providing access to Medicare and Medicaid, using a sample of administrative records spanning 84 months. Our study is the first effort to link and analyze record data on participation in all four of these major, and highly interrelated, public benefit programs in the United States. We find that SSI facilitates high levels of Medicaid coverage for SSI awardees overall and provides access to Medicaid for many DI awardees during the 24-month Medicare waiting period. Many people who exit SSI retain their Medicaid coverage, but the gap in coverage between continuing SSI participants and those who leave the program increases over time. After Medicare kicks in, public health insurance coverage is virtually complete among awardees with some DI involvement, including dual Medicaid and Medicare coverage for some.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 72,
No. 3 (released August 2012)
by Xuguang (Steve) Guo and John F. Burton, Jr.
Applications for Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) increased during the 1990s compared with the 1980s. Over that period, workers' compensation benefits for workers with permanent disabilities declined and compensability rules became more stringent. This article examines whether changes in the workers' compensation program caused part of the increase in the DI application rate during the 1990s.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 71,
No. 2 (released May 2011)
by Kalman Rupp and Gerald F. Riley
We analyze longitudinal interactions in benefit eligibility between the Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income programs and the lags arising from processing time in receiving the first payment, based on Social Security administrative records. We find that longitudinal interactions enhancing the bundle of cash benefits available for awardees over a 60-month period is much more common than apparent from cross-sectional data and identify distinct patterns of longitudinal interactions between the two programs. SSI plays an especially important role in providing benefit eligibility during the 5-month DI waiting period. Transition to nonbeneficiary status is more prevalent among SSI awardees because of exits attributable to the SSI means test. We also find that there is substantial variation in the lag in receiving the first disability payment.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 68,
No. 1 (released August 2008)
by Kalman Rupp, Paul S. Davies, and Alexander Strand
It is widely known that about three-fourths of the working-age population is insured for Disability Insurance (DI), but the substantial role played by the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program in providing disability benefit coverage is not well understood. Using data from the 1996 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) we find that over one-third (36 percent) of the working-age population is covered by SSI in the event of a severe disability. Three important implications follow: (1) SSI increases the overall coverage of the working-age population; (2) SSI enhances the bundle of cash benefits available to disabled individuals; and (3) interactions with other public programs—most notably the SSI path to Medicaid coverage—also enhance the safety net. Ignoring these implications could lead to inaccurate inferences in analytic studies.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 67,
No. 4 (released May 2008)
by Brad Trenkamp and Michael Wiseman
The Food Stamp Program (FSP) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) are important parts of national public assistance policy, and there is considerable overlap in the populations that the programs serve. This article investigates FSP participation by households that include SSI recipients and assesses the importance of various provisions of the Food Stamp Program that favor SSI recipients.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 67,
No. 2 (released February 2008)
by Robert R. Weathers II, Gerard Walter, Sara Schley, John C. Hennessey, Jeffrey Hemmeter, and Richard V. Burkhauser
This article uses a unique longitudinal dataset based on administrative data from the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) linked to Social Security Administration (SSA) microdata to conduct a case study of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) children who applied for postsecondary education at NTID. The authors estimate the likelihood that SSI children who apply to NTID will eventually graduate relative to other hearing impaired applicants, as well as the influence of graduation from NTID on participation in the SSI program as adults and later success in the labor market. Findings indicate that SSI children are substantially less likely to graduate from NTID than their fellow deaf students who did not participate in the SSI program as children, but that those who do graduate spend less time in the SSI adult program and have higher age-earnings profiles than those who do not graduate.
Research and Statistics Note
No. 2008-01 (released January 2008)
by Rhonda Newsome and Rene Parent
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 66,
No. 2 (released May 2006)
by Paul S. Davies and Kalman Rupp
During the first three decades of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, the number of children receiving SSI because of a disability increased from 70,000 in 1974 to about 1 million at the end of 2005. With over 8,500 interviews completed between July 2001 and June 2002, the National Survey of SSI Children and Families (NSCF) is the first nationally representative survey since 1978 of noninstitutionalized children and young adults who were receiving SSI during the survey period or had formerly received SSI. The article discusses the objectives of the survey, its methodology and implementation, content of the questionnaire, a randomized response-incentive experiment, and related products including the release of a public-use data file.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 65,
No. 4 (released May 2005)
by Ann Clayton
This article provides a brief history and background of workers' compensation programs for occupationally injured and ill workers in the United States. It presents the basic principle involved in workers' compensation and briefly discusses the disability benefits to which workers are generally entitled. It also discusses why there are settlements in this disability program and the availability of information about the amounts paid in workers' compensation cases for obtaining an offset for Social Security Disability Insurance benefits paid to the worker. Finally, the article explains the rationale behind the public policy on coordination of Disability Insurance and workers' compensation in the new paradigm of disability and return to work.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 63,
No. 1 (released July 2000)
by Paul S. Davies, Howard M. Iams, and Kalman Rupp
Recent legislation has affected the populations served by the Social Security Administration's (SSA's) disability programs. The Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996 mandated that persons whose disability determination was based on drug addiction or alcoholism be removed from the Supplemental Security Income and Social Security Disability Insurance rolls. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (later amended by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997) tightened the SSI eligibility criteria for children and converted the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program into a block grant, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. This article describes the design of three related studies evaluating the direct and indirect effects of these policy changes on SSA's disability populations. It describes the methodological challenges of the studies and the strategies used to overcome them. It also presents early evidence from the three studies and discusses future directions.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 57,
No. 4 (released October 1994)
by Robert A. Moffitt, Robert T. Reville, and Anne E. Winkler
This article reports the results of a survey of State Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) rules regarding the treatment of unrelated cohabitors in households containing AFDC units. We examine State treatment of cash and in-kind contributions by cohabitors and find that the AFDC grant is usually not affected if the cohabitor makes in-kind contributions toward food and shelter expenses of the household. However, the grant generally is reduced if the cohabitor contributes cash to the AFDC unit unless the cash is for shared household expenses. In addition, a few States have specific policies toward cohabitors that are not based on initial evidence of cohabitor contributions.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 57,
No. 2 (released April 1994)
by John R. Kearney, Herman F. Grundmann, and Salvatore J. Gallicchio
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 48,
No. 10 (released October 1985)
by Jo Anne B. Ross
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 47,
No. 12 (released December 1984)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 46,
No. 8 (released August 1983)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 46,
No. 6 (released June 1983)
by Henrietta J. Duvall
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 45,
No. 4 (released April 1982)
by Henrietta J. Duvall, Karen W. Goudreau, and Robert E. Marsh
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 44,
No. 11 (released November 1981)
by Martynas A. Yčas and Charles A. Lininger
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 44,
No. 9 (released September 1981)
by Michael Sosin
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 43,
No. 11 (released November 1980)
by L. Scott Muller
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 43,
No. 3 (released March 1980)
by Kurt Beron
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 42,
No. 9 (released September 1979)
by Elizabeth Chief
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40,
No. 11 (released November 1977)
by Daniel N. Price
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40,
No. 10 (released October 1977)
by Leon D. Platky
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40,
No. 9 (released September 1977)
by Howard D. Oberheu
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40,
No. 8 (released August 1977)
by Michael Hooker and Aaron Krute
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 40,
No. 4 (released April 1977)
by Anne N. Shkuda
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 38,
No. 6 (released June 1975)
by Lenna D. Kennedy, Dorothea Thomas, and Jack Schmulowitz
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 37,
No. 5 (released May 1974)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35,
No. 11 (released November 1972)
by Frederick L. Cone and Jack Schmulowitz
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 35,
No. 2 (released February 1972)
by Ralph Treitel
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 34,
No. 2 (released February 1971)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 33,
No. 1 (released January 1970)
by Philip Frohlich
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 30,
No. 8 (released August 1967)
by Philip Frohlich
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 27,
No. 2 (released February 1964)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 26,
No. 7 (released July 1963)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 26,
No. 5 (released May 1963)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 26,
No. 4 (released April 1963)
by Margaret K. Adams
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 26,
No. 3 (released March 1963)
by Robert H. Mugge
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 26,
No. 3 (released March 1963)
by Gertrude B. Morton
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25,
No. 10 (released October 1962)
by Wilbur J. Cohen and Robert M. Ball
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25,
No. 9 (released September 1962)
by Rebecca H. Hayes
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25,
No. 9 (released September 1962)
by Robert C. Van Hyning
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25,
No. 8 (released August 1962)
by Helen R. Jeter
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25,
No. 8 (released August 1962)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25,
No. 7 (released July 1962)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25,
No. 4 (released April 1962)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25,
No. 4 (released April 1962)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 25,
No. 2 (released February 1962)
by Ida C. Merriam
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 24,
No. 8 (released August 1961)
by Alvin L. Schorr
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 24,
No. 8 (released August 1961)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 24,
No. 5 (released May 1961)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 24,
No. 3 (released March 1961)
by Helen R. Jeter
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 23,
No. 12 (released December 1960)
by Robert H. Mugge
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 23,
No. 8 (released August 1960)
by Kathryn D. Goodwin
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 23,
No. 7 (released July 1960)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 23,
No. 4 (released April 1960)
by Ellen J. Perkins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 23,
No. 2 (released February 1960)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 22,
No. 11 (released November 1959)
by Sue Ossman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 22,
No. 10 (released October 1959)
by Sue Ossman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 22,
No. 6 (released June 1959)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21,
No. 9 (released September 1958)
by Sue Ossman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21,
No. 7 (released July 1958)
by Seth Low
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21,
No. 6 (released June 1958)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21,
No. 5 (released May 1958)
by Helen R. Jeter and Henry C. Lajewski
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21,
No. 4 (released April 1958)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21,
No. 2 (released February 1958)
by Saul Kaplan
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 21,
No. 1 (released January 1958)
by Marguerite Windhauser and George J. Blaetus
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 20,
No. 11 (released November 1957)
by Sue Ossman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 20,
No. 10 (released October 1957)
by Seth Low
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 20,
No. 6 (released June 1957)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 20,
No. 5 (released May 1957)
by Garnett A. Lester
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 20,
No. 3 (released March 1957)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 19,
No. 10 (released October 1956)
by Sue Ossman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 19,
No. 9 (released September 1956)
by Sue Ossman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 19,
No. 7 (released July 1956)
by Ellen J. Perkins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 19,
No. 5 (released May 1956)
by Frank J. Hanmer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 19,
No. 3 (released March 1956)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 19,
No. 1 (released January 1956)
by Marguerite Windhauser and George J. Blaetus
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18,
No. 9 (released September 1955)
by Sue Ossman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18,
No. 8 (released August 1955)
by Jay L. Roney
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18,
No. 7 (released July 1955)
by Sue Ossman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18,
No. 5 (released May 1955)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18,
No. 4 (released April 1955)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18,
No. 2 (released February 1955)
by Charles I. Schottland
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18,
No. 1 (released January 1955)
by Ellarene L. MacCoy and Harry I. Friedman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 18,
No. 1 (released January 1955)
by Dorothy T. Pearse
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 17,
No. 11 (released November 1954)
by Dorothy Lally
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 17,
No. 8 (released August 1954)
by Ruth White
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 17,
No. 7 (released July 1954)
by Mignon Sauber and Jack Wiener
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 17,
No. 5 (released May 1954)
by Charles J. Lopes and Ellen J. Perkins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 17,
No. 1 (released January 1954)
by Jules H. Berman and George J. Blaetus
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 16,
No. 7 (released July 1953)
by Ruth White
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 16,
No. 4 (released April 1953)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 16,
No. 3 (released March 1953)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 16,
No. 2 (released February 1953)
by Ida C. Merriam
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 16,
No. 1 (released January 1953)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 12 (released December 1952)
by Mignon Sauber
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 12 (released December 1952)
by Vivian B. Norman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 8 (released August 1952)
by Ruth White
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 8 (released August 1952)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 5 (released May 1952)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 5 (released May 1952)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 4 (released April 1952)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 4 (released April 1952)
by Mignon Sauber and Jack Wiener
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 3 (released March 1952)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 3 (released March 1952)
by Ellen J. Perkins and Charles J. Lopes
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 15,
No. 2 (released February 1952)
by Elizabeth Epler
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 12 (released December 1951)
by Jules H. Berman and George J. Blaetus
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 11 (released November 1951)
by Ellen J. Perkins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 10 (released October 1951)
by Victor D. Carlson and Wave L. Perry
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 10 (released October 1951)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 10 (released October 1951)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 9 (released September 1951)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 8 (released August 1951)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 7 (released July 1951)
by Mildred Arnold
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 5 (released May 1951)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 3 (released March 1951)
by Frank J. Hanmer and Ellen J. Perkins
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 14,
No. 1 (released January 1951)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13,
No. 8 (released August 1950)
by Elizabeth T. Alling and Agnes Leisy
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13,
No. 7 (released July 1950)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13,
No. 6 (released June 1950)
by Ruth White
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13,
No. 6 (released June 1950)
by Wilbur J. Cohen
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13,
No. 5 (released May 1950)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13,
No. 4 (released April 1950)
by Albert H. Aronson
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13,
No. 4 (released April 1950)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 13,
No. 3 (released March 1950)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 12,
No. 12 (released December 1949)
by Jules H. Berman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 12,
No. 10 (released October 1949)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 12,
No. 7 (released July 1949)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 12,
No. 6 (released June 1949)
by Elizabeth T. Alling
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 12,
No. 1 (released January 1949)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 11,
No. 12 (released December 1948)
by Dorothy R. Bucklin
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 11,
No. 11 (released November 1948)
by Elizabeth T. Alling
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 11,
No. 10 (released October 1948)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 11,
No. 9 (released September 1948)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 11,
No. 7 (released July 1948)
by Bernard W. Scholz
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 11,
No. 7 (released July 1948)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 10,
No. 11 (released November 1947)
by Jules H. Berman
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 9,
No. 12 (released December 1946)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 9,
No. 4 (released April 1946)
by Jules H. Berman and Haskell Jacobs
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 9,
No. 1 (released January 1946)
by Arthur J. Altmeyer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 8,
No. 8 (released August 1945)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 8,
No. 6 (released June 1945)
by Arthur J. Altmeyer
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 8,
No. 6 (released June 1945)
by Byron L. Johnson
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 8,
No. 2 (released February 1945)
by Grace M. Marcus
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 7,
No. 12 (released December 1944)
by George E. Bigge
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 7,
No. 12 (released December 1944)
by Jacob Fisher
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 7,
No. 11 (released November 1944)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 7,
No. 9 (released September 1944)
by Jane M. Hoey
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 7,
No. 7 (released July 1944)
by Jack Charnow and Saul Kaplan
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 12 (released December 1943)
by Elva Marquard
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 11 (released November 1943)
by Ruth White
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 10 (released October 1943)
by Kathryn D. Goodwin
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 9 (released September 1943)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 6 (released June 1943)
by Ruth White
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 5 (released May 1943)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 6,
No. 4 (released April 1943)
by Ellen J. Newman and Saul Kaplan
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 3,
No. 6 (released June 1940)
by Daniel S. Gerig, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 3,
No. 1 (released January 1940)
by Ewan Clague and Joel Gordon
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 3,
No. 1 (released January 1940)
by Daniel S. Gerig, Jr.
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 3,
No. 1 (released January 1940)
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 2,
No. 12 (released December 1939)
by Joel Gordon and Olivia J. Israeli
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 2,
No. 10 (released October 1939)
by Ruth O. Blakeslee
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 2,
No. 8 (released August 1939)
by Mary L. Gardner
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 2,
No. 8 (released August 1939)
by John M. Lynch
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 2,
No. 5 (released May 1939)
by Joel Gordon
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 2,
No. 4 (released April 1939)
by Dorothy R. Bucklin
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 1,
No. 12 (released December 1938)
by Dorothy R. Bucklin and John M. Lynch
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 1,
No. 12 (released December 1938)
by Anne E. Geddes and Agnes Leisy
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 1,
No. 8 (released August 1938)
by Anne E. Geddes
from Social Security Bulletin,
Vol. 1,
No. 1–3 (released March 1938)
by Arthur J. Altmeyer