Income of the Population 55 or Older, 2012

Importance of Income Sources Relative to Total Income

Relative Importance of Income Sources for Aged Units

Relative Importance of Income Sources for Units 65 or Older

Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Aged Persons

Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Persons 65 or Older


Key Terms and Concepts for Section 8 1

Age. Age classification is based on the age of the person at his or her last birthday as of March 2013. A married couple's age is defined as the age of the husband—unless he is under age 55 and the wife is 55 or older, in which case it is the age of the wife.

Aged unit. With age 55 as the cutoff, aged units are defined as married couples living together—at least one of whom is 55 or older—and nonmarried persons 55 or older.

Marital status. Married persons are married and living with their spouse. Nonmarried persons may be divorced, widowed, never married, separated, or married but living apart from their spouse.

Race. The categories White alone, Black alone, and Asian alone reflect respondents who reported only one race. Because of changes to the race category, data on race are not directly comparable to editions prior to 2002. A person's race is his or her reported race. A married couple's race is defined as the race of the husband.

Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. A married couple is of Hispanic origin if the husband is of Hispanic origin.

Family. A family is a group of two or more people (one of whom is the householder) related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together; all such people (including related subfamily members) are considered as members of one family.

Social Security beneficiary. A beneficiary may be receiving retired-worker benefits, dependents' or survivor benefits, disability benefits, or transitionally insured benefits.

Per capita income. Per capita income is total family income divided by the number of persons in the family.

Relative Importance of Income Source. The relative importance of a source is the ratio of the amount of income from a given source to total income for an aged unit or family. These tables are distributions of persons or aged units by the importance of a given source at the individual unit level.

Poverty. The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to detect who is poor. If a family's total income is less than that family's threshold, then that family, and every individual in it, is considered poor. The poverty thresholds do not vary geographically, but they are updated annually for inflation with the Consumer Price Index (CPI-U). The official poverty definition counts money income before taxes and excludes capital gains and noncash benefits (such as public housing, Medicaid, and SNAP benefits).

Income sources

Retirement benefits. Include Social Security benefits, Railroad Retirement income, government employee pensions, and private pensions or annuities.

Social Security. Includes retired-worker benefits, dependents' or survivor benefits, disability benefits, and transitionally insured benefits.

Government employee pensions. Government employee pensions include regular payments from federal government (civil service), military, and state or local governments.

Private pensions and annuities. Private pensions and annuities include regular payments from companies or unions, annuities or paid-up insurance policies, individual retirement accounts (IRAs), Keogh, or 401(k) payments. Nonregular (nonannuitized or lump-sum) withdrawals from IRA, Keogh, and 401(k) plans are not included as income.

Earnings. Include wages and salaries and self-employment. Wages and salaries is defined as total money earnings received for work performed as an employee during the income year. It includes wages, salary, Armed Forces pay, commissions, tips, piece-rate payments, and cash bonuses earned, before deductions are made for taxes, bonds, pensions, union dues, and so forth. Earnings for self-employed persons in incorporated businesses are considered wage and salary. Self-employment is the combined income from farm and nonfarm self-employment.

Asset income. Includes income from interest, dividends, rent, royalties, and estates and trusts. Interest includes payments people receive (or have credited to their accounts) from bonds, treasury notes, IRAs, certificates of deposit, interest-bearing savings and checking accounts, and all other investments that pay interest. Dividends include income from stock holdings and mutual fund shares. The CPS does not include capital gains from the sale of stock holdings as income. Rents, royalties, and estates and trusts includes net income from the rental of a house, store, or other property, receipts from boarders or lodgers, net royalty income, and periodic payments from estate or trust funds.

Public Assistance. Includes Supplemental Security Income and other monetary public assistance programs. Noncash benefits are not included.

Notes

1 For more information, consult the Glossary for this report.

Tables

Relative Importance of Income Sources for Aged Units Table 8.A1 Percentage distribution of units, by source of income and age, 2012
Proportion of income Aged 55–61 Aged 62–64 Aged 65 or older
Total 65–69 70–74 75–79 80 or older
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 17.8 30.9 71.2 49.3 69.0 79.9 91.3
1–19 1.6 3.7 4.7 6.2 5.3 5.5 2.1
20–39 2.1 4.1 4.7 6.7 6.4 4.0 1.8
40–59 4.3 7.6 5.3 8.5 7.0 3.8 1.6
60–79 8.2 8.7 5.7 11.0 6.3 3.0 1.0
80 or more 66.0 45.1 8.4 18.3 6.1 3.8 2.1
50 or more 77.0 58.2 16.8 33.8 15.7 9.1 4.1
90 or more 59.4 38.1 6.1 13.5 4.1 2.8 1.8
100 26.7 15.9 2.8 5.6 2.0 1.7 0.9
Mean proportion 73.3 55.0 16.4 32.0 16.0 9.3 4.3
Mean proportion (recipients only) 89.1 79.7 57.0 63.0 51.4 46.1 49.8
Number (thousands) 19,454 6,619 31,648 9,869 7,140 5,384 9,256
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 76.2 48.3 8.8 16.7 6.4 4.8 4.5
1–19 5.3 9.1 4.8 9.4 4.1 2.6 1.8
20–39 4.4 8.6 8.5 12.3 10.2 6.9 4.1
40–59 2.7 6.4 8.6 10.8 10.4 7.5 5.7
60–79 1.7 5.3 9.5 9.4 10.7 9.2 8.8
80 or more 9.7 22.4 59.8 41.4 58.3 69.1 75.1
50 or more 12.3 30.7 73.7 56.5 74.1 82.1 86.9
90 or more 8.8 20.0 53.6 36.1 51.8 62.1 68.7
100 6.2 12.6 31.2 21.6 29.4 35.8 40.1
Mean proportion 13.8 32.2 72.5 56.9 73.1 80.1 84.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 57.9 62.2 79.5 68.4 78.1 84.1 88.1
Number (thousands) 19,454 6,619 31,648 9,869 7,140 5,384 9,256
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 86.1 58.2 11.7 21.3 9.1 6.7 6.4
1–19 2.6 9.8 8.9 13.6 8.0 7.6 5.2
20–39 2.4 9.5 15.0 18.2 18.4 13.1 10.2
40–59 1.7 5.8 14.5 14.2 16.1 14.9 13.4
60–79 1.2 3.7 12.3 9.6 12.3 13.8 14.2
80 or more 5.9 13.0 37.6 23.0 36.0 43.9 50.5
50 or more 7.9 19.4 57.1 39.5 56.4 65.2 71.6
90 or more 5.3 11.5 31.8 19.4 29.9 36.7 43.8
100 4.3 8.4 20.9 13.9 19.7 23.5 27.8
Mean proportion 8.5 21.9 57.8 43.0 57.9 64.5 69.6
Mean proportion (recipients only) 61.1 52.3 65.5 54.7 63.8 69.2 74.3
Number (thousands) 19,454 6,619 31,648 9,869 7,140 5,384 9,256
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 93.8 88.9 85.2 84.2 85.4 84.4 86.6
1–19 1.8 2.2 3.0 3.7 3.0 2.9 2.5
20–39 1.8 3.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.6
40–59 1.0 2.3 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.5
60–79 0.5 1.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4
80 or more 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.3 1.4
50 or more 2.0 4.6 5.7 5.5 5.4 6.3 5.6
90 or more 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.8
100 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4
Mean proportion 2.6 5.1 6.6 6.7 6.4 7.3 6.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 42.4 46.4 44.3 42.4 44.1 46.4 45.5
Number (thousands) 19,454 6,619 31,648 9,869 7,140 5,384 9,256
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 93.0 85.5 72.6 75.3 70.4 70.8 72.4
1–19 3.1 6.0 11.5 10.7 12.6 12.9 10.8
20–39 1.3 3.4 8.7 7.5 8.8 9.3 9.6
40–59 0.8 2.3 4.8 4.3 5.6 4.8 4.7
60–79 0.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6
80 or more 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0
50 or more 2.0 3.7 4.2 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.3
90 or more 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
100 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3
Mean proportion 2.6 4.9 7.9 7.0 8.5 8.1 8.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 37.0 34.0 28.7 28.4 28.7 27.6 29.4
Number (thousands) 19,454 6,619 31,648 9,869 7,140 5,384 9,256
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 48.7 47.4 47.5 45.8 46.7 48.4 49.5
1–19 45.3 44.9 41.8 44.9 41.6 40.8 39.1
20–39 2.7 4.0 5.4 4.8 6.4 5.3 5.5
40–59 1.3 1.7 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.1 2.7
60–79 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.8
80 or more 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5
50 or more 2.7 2.5 3.6 2.9 3.9 3.4 4.4
90 or more 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.7
100 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
Mean proportion 4.4 4.9 6.4 5.7 6.8 6.4 6.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 8.6 9.2 12.2 10.5 12.8 12.4 13.7
Number (thousands) 19,454 6,619 31,648 9,869 7,140 5,384 9,256
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 93.7 94.5 96.3 96.0 96.0 96.6 96.7
1–19 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.7
20–39 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.6
40–59 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3
60–79 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
80 or more 3.5 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.6
50 or more 3.9 3.0 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.7
90 or more 3.4 2.4 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.5
100 3.2 2.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4
Mean proportion 4.2 3.4 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 67.2 62.0 55.8 56.4 49.4 54.4 61.7
Number (thousands) 19,454 6,619 31,648 9,869 7,140 5,384 9,256
NOTES: Units with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Income Sources for Aged Units Table 8.A2 Percentage distribution of units, by source of income, marital status, and age, 2012
Proportion of income Married couples Nonmarried persons
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
Total 65–69 70–74 75–79 80 or older Total 65–69 70–74 75–79 80 or older
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 6.9 17.6 56.4 34.5 58.7 70.1 83.1 29.8 43.9 82.3 64.8 78.9 87.6 94.5
1–19 1.3 3.9 7.0 8.0 6.8 8.2 4.1 1.8 3.4 3.0 4.3 3.9 3.4 1.3
20–39 2.2 5.0 7.4 8.8 8.8 6.4 3.4 2.0 3.2 2.8 4.4 4.0 2.1 1.2
40–59 5.5 10.4 8.3 11.1 9.3 5.7 3.6 3.0 4.8 3.2 5.8 4.7 2.3 0.8
60–79 11.4 13.3 9.1 15.1 8.1 5.3 2.2 4.6 4.2 3.1 6.7 4.5 1.1 0.5
80 or more 72.6 49.9 11.9 22.4 8.2 4.2 3.5 58.8 40.4 5.7 14.0 4.0 3.5 1.6
50 or more 87.5 69.4 25.3 43.4 20.8 12.6 7.6 65.5 47.1 10.5 23.8 10.6 6.2 2.7
90 or more 63.4 40.0 8.2 15.5 5.3 2.8 2.7 55.0 36.2 4.6 11.4 2.8 2.8 1.4
100 22.3 14.0 3.0 5.5 2.0 1.3 1.2 31.7 17.7 2.6 5.8 2.0 2.0 0.8
Mean proportion 82.3 64.2 24.5 40.6 21.2 13.2 8.1 63.3 46.1 10.3 22.8 10.8 6.2 2.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 88.4 77.9 56.3 62.1 51.5 44.1 48.1 90.2 82.1 58.3 64.7 51.3 50.1 51.8
Number (thousands) 10,184 3,277 13,592 5,067 3,529 2,374 2,622 9,270 3,342 18,056 4,802 3,611 3,009 6,634
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 76.4 46.9 9.3 16.4 6.4 3.8 4.8 76.0 49.6 8.4 17.1 6.3 5.6 4.4
1–19 7.8 13.7 7.7 13.6 6.1 3.7 2.0 2.6 4.5 2.6 4.9 2.1 1.7 1.7
20–39 6.7 12.7 12.5 16.2 12.8 10.3 6.6 2.0 4.6 5.5 8.1 7.6 4.2 3.1
40–59 3.2 7.4 10.9 12.5 11.7 9.5 7.8 2.2 5.3 7.0 9.0 9.1 5.8 4.9
60–79 1.6 4.5 12.0 11.0 12.9 13.7 11.2 1.8 6.0 7.6 7.7 8.6 5.5 7.9
80 or more 4.4 14.7 47.6 30.2 50.0 59.0 67.7 15.5 30.1 69.0 53.1 66.4 77.1 78.1
50 or more 7.0 22.5 65.1 47.7 68.5 77.7 82.6 18.2 38.8 80.2 65.8 79.7 85.5 88.6
90 or more 3.9 11.6 40.1 24.3 42.3 50.1 58.9 14.2 28.3 63.7 48.6 61.0 71.5 72.6
100 2.5 6.1 19.2 11.5 20.2 25.2 27.4 10.3 19.0 40.2 32.2 38.4 44.3 45.1
Mean proportion 9.7 25.9 64.5 49.3 67.9 75.1 79.8 18.3 38.3 78.5 65.0 78.3 84.0 85.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 41.0 48.9 71.2 59.0 72.5 78.0 83.8 76.2 75.9 85.6 78.4 83.5 89.0 89.8
Number (thousands) 10,184 3,277 13,592 5,067 3,529 2,374 2,622 9,270 3,342 18,056 4,802 3,611 3,009 6,634
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 87.2 57.9 12.3 21.1 8.9 5.6 6.1 84.8 58.4 11.3 21.5 9.4 7.7 6.5
1–19 4.5 15.3 13.5 19.7 11.4 9.6 7.7 0.6 4.3 5.4 7.3 4.7 6.0 4.3
20–39 3.6 11.9 20.0 22.8 22.2 18.1 13.2 1.1 7.1 11.3 13.3 14.7 9.1 9.1
40–59 1.6 5.4 16.3 14.0 17.6 18.0 17.2 1.9 6.2 13.2 14.5 14.6 12.4 11.9
60–79 1.1 2.7 13.5 9.7 13.3 16.6 18.6 1.4 4.8 11.3 9.5 11.3 11.6 12.5
80 or more 2.1 6.7 24.4 12.7 26.5 32.0 37.3 10.2 19.2 47.5 33.9 45.4 53.2 55.8
50 or more 3.8 11.8 45.8 29.2 48.2 57.7 64.1 12.5 26.8 65.5 50.4 64.4 71.1 74.5
90 or more 1.8 5.3 18.9 9.5 20.5 24.2 30.2 9.1 17.6 41.6 29.9 39.1 46.6 49.1
100 1.5 3.1 10.9 6.3 11.7 14.2 15.7 7.4 13.6 28.4 21.8 27.5 30.9 32.6
Mean proportion 5.1 15.8 48.5 34.8 51.3 58.0 62.4 12.3 27.8 64.9 51.7 64.5 69.7 72.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 39.7 37.7 55.3 44.1 56.3 61.5 66.5 80.8 66.8 73.1 65.9 71.1 75.5 77.4
Number (thousands) 10,184 3,277 13,592 5,067 3,529 2,374 2,622 9,270 3,342 18,056 4,802 3,611 3,009 6,634
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 92.6 87.1 81.6 80.8 83.4 81.1 81.2 95.2 90.7 87.9 87.9 87.4 86.9 88.7
1–19 2.4 2.9 4.6 5.2 4.1 4.4 4.4 1.1 1.6 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7
20–39 2.8 4.4 5.5 6.1 4.9 5.6 5.3 0.6 1.8 2.9 2.3 3.4 3.0 2.9
40–59 1.3 2.7 4.0 4.0 3.1 4.0 5.3 0.8 1.8 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.4 2.8
60–79 0.5 1.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.8 0.4 1.7 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2
80 or more 0.5 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.9 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.5 2.8 1.6
50 or more 1.4 4.0 5.7 5.3 5.6 6.3 6.4 2.6 5.2 5.6 5.9 5.3 6.4 5.2
90 or more 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.2 1.5 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0
100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4
Mean proportion 2.5 5.2 7.3 7.3 6.8 7.9 7.6 2.8 5.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.8 5.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 33.4 40.0 39.9 38.0 41.1 41.8 40.3 57.6 55.0 49.5 49.9 48.0 51.6 48.9
Number (thousands) 10,184 3,277 13,592 5,067 3,529 2,374 2,622 9,270 3,342 18,056 4,802 3,611 3,009 6,634
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 92.4 83.6 67.3 71.7 64.6 64.1 65.2 93.8 87.3 76.6 79.0 76.1 76.2 75.2
1–19 4.1 8.0 15.5 14.0 16.7 18.0 14.6 2.0 4.1 8.5 7.3 8.6 8.8 9.3
20–39 1.7 3.9 10.2 8.8 9.7 11.3 12.5 1.0 3.0 7.6 6.1 7.9 7.7 8.4
40–59 0.8 2.6 5.0 3.9 6.6 4.3 5.6 0.9 2.0 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.2 4.3
60–79 0.3 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.2 0.4 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.8
80 or more 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.0 2.0 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0
50 or more 1.3 3.0 3.8 3.1 4.5 3.5 4.5 2.7 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.6 4.2
90 or more 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 1.9 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6
100 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.3
Mean proportion 2.1 4.6 8.4 6.9 9.4 8.8 9.4 3.1 5.2 7.5 7.1 7.6 7.5 7.6
Mean proportion (recipients only) 27.4 28.3 25.6 24.5 26.6 24.5 27.1 49.8 41.2 31.8 34.0 31.9 31.3 30.7
Number (thousands) 10,184 3,277 13,592 5,067 3,529 2,374 2,622 9,270 3,342 18,056 4,802 3,611 3,009 6,634
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 38.2 38.7 36.2 34.9 36.1 37.8 37.3 60.2 56.0 56.1 57.3 57.0 56.8 54.3
1–19 56.5 53.3 50.8 54.3 50.1 47.3 48.4 33.0 36.7 35.0 35.1 33.3 35.7 35.4
20–39 3.0 4.4 7.3 6.2 8.2 8.0 7.3 2.4 3.6 4.0 3.3 4.6 3.1 4.7
40–59 1.2 1.8 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.9 3.2 1.3 1.6 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.5
60–79 0.4 0.8 1.8 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.7 0.7 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4
80 or more 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.0 2.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.7
50 or more 1.7 2.3 3.9 2.8 4.3 4.3 5.0 3.8 2.6 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.7 4.1
90 or more 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.7 2.2 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.7
100 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 2.2 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.6
Mean proportion 3.9 5.1 7.6 6.5 7.9 8.3 8.4 5.0 4.6 5.6 4.8 5.8 4.9 6.3
Mean proportion (recipients only) 6.3 8.3 11.8 10.0 12.4 13.4 13.5 12.7 10.5 12.7 11.2 13.5 11.3 13.9
Number (thousands) 10,184 3,277 13,592 5,067 3,529 2,374 2,622 9,270 3,342 18,056 4,802 3,611 3,009 6,634
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 96.8 96.6 97.9 98.1 97.5 97.8 98.0 90.2 92.5 95.1 93.7 94.5 95.7 96.2
1–19 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.7
20–39 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.8
40–59 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.3
60–79 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1
80 or more 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.0 6.5 4.4 2.2 3.1 2.0 1.9 1.8
50 or more 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1 7.3 4.9 2.5 3.4 2.6 2.0 2.0
90 or more 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.0 6.4 4.1 2.1 2.9 1.9 1.9 1.7
100 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.9 6.0 3.9 1.9 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.7
Mean proportion 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.2 7.6 5.3 2.9 3.9 3.0 2.4 2.3
Mean proportion (recipients only) 37.7 42.5 44.3 36.7 39.1 48.9 62.3 77.6 70.6 59.5 62.8 53.9 56.7 61.6
Number (thousands) 10,184 3,277 13,592 5,067 3,529 2,374 2,622 9,270 3,342 18,056 4,802 3,611 3,009 6,634
NOTES: Units with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Income Sources for Aged Units Table 8.A3 Percentage distribution of units, by source of income, Social Security beneficiary status, marital status, and age, 2012
Proportion of income Beneficiary units Nonbeneficiary units
All units Married couples Nonmarried persons All units Married couples Nonmarried persons
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 60.2 55.5 75.7 30.0 34.0 61.4 88.1 76.9 86.3 10.9 13.2 37.3 3.5 5.8 20.8 19.3 20.3 50.9
1–19 4.2 5.9 5.2 4.7 7.2 7.8 3.8 4.7 3.2 1.1 2.0 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.5 2.6 0.8
20–39 5.0 7.1 5.2 7.4 8.3 8.1 2.8 5.9 3.0 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.6 2.3 1.9 1.3 1.2
40–59 8.0 10.6 5.7 14.6 14.5 8.8 1.9 6.7 3.4 3.7 5.4 3.0 4.2 7.3 4.8 3.2 3.5 1.5
60–79 13.5 11.2 5.6 25.6 18.9 9.1 2.3 3.5 3.0 7.3 6.9 6.2 9.3 9.2 8.9 5.0 4.7 4.0
80 or more 9.1 9.6 2.7 17.8 17.0 4.8 1.2 2.3 1.1 75.3 70.6 50.9 80.6 73.7 62.1 69.2 67.6 41.6
50 or more 28.1 26.1 11.2 53.4 43.3 18.5 4.8 9.1 5.8 84.9 81.2 58.8 92.5 88.3 73.0 76.3 74.3 47.0
90 or more 2.4 3.8 0.8 4.3 6.6 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.3 68.6 62.7 46.5 72.1 64.2 56.4 64.8 61.2 38.3
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.1 27.3 23.7 25.5 24.2 24.5 37.4 30.3 23.1
Mean proportion 23.6 24.4 11.1 43.9 38.9 18.2 4.8 10.1 5.9 81.3 77.1 56.1 87.9 82.6 69.9 73.8 71.8 44.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 59.2 54.9 45.9 62.7 58.8 47.1 40.2 43.6 43.4 91.3 88.8 89.5 91.1 87.6 88.2 91.5 90.1 91.1
Number (thousands) 2,709 2,770 27,940 1,301 1,378 11,916 1,409 1,391 16,024 16,744 3,850 3,709 8,883 1,899 1,676 7,861 1,951 2,032
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.5 83.0 75.0 87.5 81.0 75.7 89.6 84.9 74.3
1–19 14.2 14.9 4.9 27.2 23.7 7.9 2.3 6.2 2.6 3.9 4.9 4.2 5.0 6.5 6.1 2.7 3.3 2.7
20–39 15.4 15.5 9.2 25.6 22.8 13.6 5.9 8.4 5.9 2.7 3.6 3.4 3.9 5.4 4.3 1.3 2.0 2.6
40–59 10.5 11.7 9.5 13.5 13.7 12.1 7.8 9.7 7.7 1.4 2.5 1.9 1.7 2.9 2.3 1.2 2.1 1.6
60–79 7.8 10.8 10.5 7.8 8.9 13.5 7.8 12.7 8.3 0.7 1.3 1.7 0.6 1.4 1.8 0.7 1.1 1.7
80 or more 52.0 47.1 65.9 25.9 30.9 52.9 76.2 63.1 75.5 2.8 4.7 13.8 1.3 2.9 9.8 4.6 6.5 17.1
50 or more 64.0 63.7 81.4 38.8 46.3 72.4 87.3 80.9 88.0 4.0 7.0 16.3 2.4 5.2 13.0 5.8 8.7 19.1
90 or more 47.9 42.1 59.1 23.3 24.6 44.7 70.7 59.4 69.8 2.4 4.1 12.2 1.0 2.2 7.9 4.0 6.0 15.7
100 37.6 27.2 34.5 17.4 12.7 21.4 56.3 41.7 44.3 1.1 2.1 6.0 0.3 1.3 3.4 2.0 2.9 8.1
Mean proportion 67.9 65.5 79.8 48.1 51.7 71.7 86.2 79.1 85.9 5.0 8.2 17.0 4.1 7.3 13.7 6.1 9.1 19.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 67.9 65.5 79.8 48.1 51.7 71.7 86.2 79.1 85.9 43.9 48.2 67.7 32.7 38.2 56.3 59.1 60.6 76.6
Number (thousands) 2,709 2,770 27,940 1,301 1,378 11,916 1,409 1,391 16,024 16,744 3,850 3,709 8,883 1,899 1,676 7,861 1,951 2,032
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 91.7 86.2 85.0 88.0 83.0 80.7 95.1 89.3 88.2 94.2 90.9 87.1 93.3 90.1 88.2 95.2 91.6 86.2
1–19 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.9 4.9 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.2 2.1 2.5 1.0 1.2 0.7
20–39 2.2 3.6 4.3 3.8 4.8 6.0 0.8 2.5 3.0 1.7 2.7 2.0 2.6 4.1 2.4 0.6 1.3 1.7
40–59 2.3 3.0 3.8 2.9 3.6 4.4 1.8 2.4 3.5 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.0 2.1 1.6 0.6 1.4 1.2
60–79 1.0 3.3 2.6 1.4 3.6 3.0 0.6 3.1 2.4 0.4 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.4 0.8 1.4
80 or more 0.1 0.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.3 2.5 6.7 0.5 1.3 4.2 2.2 3.7 8.8
50 or more 1.8 5.6 5.3 2.7 6.2 5.7 1.0 5.1 5.0 2.0 3.9 8.3 1.2 2.4 5.9 2.9 5.3 10.3
90 or more 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 2.2 5.9 0.4 0.8 3.6 1.8 3.6 7.7
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.9 2.6 0.2 0.4 1.9 0.8 1.3 3.3
Mean proportion 2.7 5.8 6.3 3.9 6.9 7.4 1.6 4.7 5.4 2.6 4.7 8.8 2.3 3.9 6.7 3.0 5.4 10.6
Mean proportion (recipients only) 32.4 42.1 41.6 32.5 40.7 38.4 32.0 44.5 45.4 44.8 51.0 68.5 33.7 39.1 56.7 62.3 64.6 76.8
Number (thousands) 2,709 2,770 27,940 1,301 1,378 11,916 1,409 1,391 16,024 16,744 3,850 3,709 8,883 1,899 1,676 7,861 1,951 2,032
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 84.8 76.5 70.5 80.1 73.6 64.3 89.2 79.3 75.0 94.4 92.0 88.3 94.2 90.9 88.1 94.6 93.0 88.5
1–19 8.0 9.3 12.6 12.2 12.3 17.0 4.1 6.4 9.3 2.4 3.6 3.4 2.9 4.9 4.6 1.7 2.5 2.4
20–39 3.4 6.8 9.6 4.4 7.3 11.3 2.5 6.2 8.4 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.4 2.2 0.7 0.7 1.3
40–59 2.2 4.5 5.3 1.8 5.3 5.6 2.6 3.7 5.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8
60–79 0.9 2.4 1.7 0.9 1.3 1.5 0.8 3.6 1.8 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4
80 or more 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.3 1.4 1.9 5.5 0.7 1.1 4.1 2.2 2.7 6.6
50 or more 2.7 4.9 3.9 2.5 3.9 3.6 2.8 5.8 4.1 1.9 2.8 6.3 1.1 2.3 5.1 2.7 3.2 7.3
90 or more 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 1.3 1.7 4.8 0.6 1.1 2.9 2.1 2.3 6.4
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.1 2.8 0.2 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.4 4.1
Mean proportion 4.1 7.3 8.0 4.5 7.0 8.8 3.8 7.5 7.4 2.3 3.3 6.7 1.7 2.9 5.4 3.0 3.6 7.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 27.1 30.9 27.1 22.4 26.5 24.7 35.1 36.4 29.7 41.2 40.6 57.3 29.9 32.0 45.7 55.0 51.4 67.3
Number (thousands) 2,709 2,770 27,940 1,301 1,378 11,916 1,409 1,391 16,024 16,744 3,850 3,709 8,883 1,899 1,676 7,861 1,951 2,032
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 67.4 53.5 47.1 54.9 42.3 35.7 78.9 64.6 55.6 45.7 43.1 50.5 35.7 36.2 39.5 56.9 49.8 59.5
1–19 29.5 38.3 42.1 41.4 49.5 51.1 18.5 27.3 35.5 47.8 49.7 39.0 58.7 56.1 49.1 35.6 43.5 30.7
20–39 1.5 5.0 5.7 1.9 5.2 7.6 1.2 4.9 4.2 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.8 4.6 2.6 2.7 2.4
40–59 1.1 1.7 2.9 1.2 1.9 3.3 1.0 1.4 2.7 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.7 2.2 1.4 1.8 1.0
60–79 0.3 0.9 1.6 0.5 0.9 1.9 0.1 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.8
80 or more 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.6 1.7 1.6 4.7 0.8 1.5 3.5 2.8 1.8 5.6
50 or more 1.1 2.0 3.3 1.2 1.8 3.6 1.1 2.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 6.4 1.8 2.7 5.9 4.3 2.9 6.9
90 or more 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.1 1.6 1.5 4.5 0.6 1.3 3.3 2.6 1.8 5.5
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.4 4.3 0.6 1.1 2.9 2.6 1.8 5.4
Mean proportion 2.0 4.4 6.2 2.7 4.7 7.5 1.5 4.2 5.2 4.8 5.2 8.3 4.1 5.4 8.3 5.7 5.0 8.3
Mean proportion (recipients only) 6.2 9.5 11.7 5.9 8.2 11.6 6.9 11.8 11.8 8.9 9.1 16.8 6.3 8.4 13.7 13.2 9.9 20.6
Number (thousands) 2,709 2,770 27,940 1,301 1,378 11,916 1,409 1,391 16,024 16,744 3,850 3,709 8,883 1,899 1,676 7,861 1,951 2,032
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 90.9 96.0 97.8 94.0 96.8 98.6 88.0 95.1 97.3 94.2 93.5 84.7 97.3 96.4 92.7 90.6 90.7 78.1
1–19 4.4 1.5 1.0 3.4 1.0 0.8 5.3 2.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.5
20–39 2.3 1.5 0.7 2.0 1.6 0.4 2.7 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.2
40–59 2.1 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2 3.4 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.6
60–79 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.2
80 or more 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.5 12.7 0.8 1.5 4.8 7.7 7.5 19.3
50 or more 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.8 0.8 0.3 4.4 4.8 13.1 0.9 1.5 5.1 8.3 7.9 19.7
90 or more 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.2 12.4 0.8 1.3 4.8 7.6 7.0 18.6
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 4.0 11.3 0.7 1.1 4.5 7.1 6.7 16.8
Mean proportion 2.4 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.3 3.5 1.4 0.7 4.5 5.0 13.5 1.2 1.9 5.4 8.3 8.1 20.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 25.8 28.1 25.5 19.1 28.0 21.9 28.9 28.2 26.8 77.6 77.1 87.9 43.7 51.8 74.7 88.8 86.5 91.6
Number (thousands) 2,709 2,770 27,940 1,301 1,378 11,916 1,409 1,391 16,024 16,744 3,850 3,709 8,883 1,899 1,676 7,861 1,951 2,032
NOTES: Units with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Income Sources for Units 65 or Older Table 8.A4 Percentage distribution of units, by source of income, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status, 2012
Proportion of income White alone Black alone Asian alone Hispanic origin
All units Married couples Nonmarried persons All units Married couples Nonmarried persons All units Married couples Nonmarried persons All units Married couples Nonmarried persons
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 70.9 56.7 82.3 75.0 55.4 82.8 68.0 52.0 83.4 72.4 57.3 82.7
1–19 5.0 7.1 3.2 2.9 5.6 1.8 2.3 3.8 0.8 1.9 2.5 1.5
20–39 4.9 7.4 2.9 3.5 7.3 2.0 3.3 5.6 1.2 3.3 5.9 1.6
40–59 5.5 8.3 3.3 4.2 8.0 2.7 5.3 7.7 2.9 4.9 8.6 2.4
60–79 5.8 9.2 3.0 4.4 8.3 2.9 7.0 10.4 3.7 5.9 10.9 2.5
80 or more 7.9 11.2 5.3 9.9 15.3 7.8 14.1 20.4 8.0 11.6 14.9 9.3
50 or more 16.6 24.6 10.1 16.3 27.8 11.7 24.3 36.4 12.7 20.5 30.9 13.4
90 or more 5.7 7.7 4.2 7.7 10.3 6.7 10.6 14.9 6.5 9.7 12.0 8.1
100 2.3 2.6 2.2 5.1 5.7 4.8 5.6 7.2 4.0 6.7 7.8 5.9
Mean proportion 16.2 24.0 10.0 16.0 26.9 11.7 22.4 33.1 12.2 19.1 28.5 12.6
Mean proportion (recipients only) 55.7 55.4 56.2 64.1 60.4 67.9 70.2 68.9 73.9 69.1 66.6 73.2
Number (thousands) 26,888 11,979 14,910 3,127 891 2,236 1,101 539 562 2,289 931 1,358
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 7.8 8.5 7.2 12.4 11.9 12.7 21.2 23.2 19.2 15.7 14.0 17.0
1–19 4.9 7.7 2.7 3.4 6.9 2.1 6.8 11.2 2.6 3.7 6.1 2.1
20–39 8.8 12.7 5.7 6.0 9.7 4.5 8.6 12.8 4.6 7.2 12.7 3.5
40–59 8.9 11.0 7.1 6.9 9.6 5.8 7.4 8.8 6.1 7.8 10.1 6.3
60–79 9.8 12.2 7.9 7.0 10.5 5.6 8.4 10.4 6.4 7.1 9.1 5.7
80 or more 59.8 48.0 69.3 64.3 51.4 69.4 47.6 33.6 61.0 58.4 48.0 65.5
50 or more 74.1 65.7 80.9 75.3 66.9 78.7 60.1 48.5 71.1 69.5 62.7 74.2
90 or more 53.1 40.2 63.5 60.5 44.7 66.8 45.0 31.1 58.4 54.3 43.2 62.0
100 29.4 18.3 38.3 45.5 31.5 51.1 30.4 17.4 42.8 42.4 32.3 49.3
Mean proportion 72.8 65.1 79.1 74.0 66.2 77.1 59.7 49.6 69.5 69.0 62.9 73.2
Mean proportion (recipients only) 79.0 71.1 85.2 84.5 75.1 88.3 75.8 64.6 86.0 81.9 73.2 88.1
Number (thousands) 26,888 11,979 14,910 3,127 891 2,236 1,101 539 562 2,289 931 1,358
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 10.6 11.5 9.9 16.5 15.0 17.1 23.7 25.3 22.2 18.2 16.7 19.2
1–19 9.2 13.7 5.5 6.9 11.5 5.1 9.0 14.0 4.1 5.8 9.0 3.6
20–39 15.7 20.3 12.0 10.8 17.8 7.9 11.6 17.3 6.2 10.0 16.1 5.7
40–59 14.9 16.7 13.5 12.2 13.3 11.8 10.2 10.5 9.9 11.1 12.6 10.0
60–79 12.6 13.8 11.7 10.5 11.7 10.1 9.2 10.4 8.1 8.5 9.6 7.8
80 or more 36.9 24.0 47.3 43.1 30.8 48.0 36.3 22.4 49.5 46.4 36.0 53.6
50 or more 56.9 46.0 65.7 60.2 48.0 65.0 50.8 37.5 63.6 60.4 51.9 66.2
90 or more 30.9 18.3 41.0 38.7 26.1 43.8 33.9 20.6 46.6 43.0 32.9 49.9
100 19.5 10.1 27.0 30.7 19.5 35.1 24.7 12.9 36.1 35.0 25.7 41.4
Mean proportion 57.8 48.6 65.3 59.7 51.2 63.1 51.6 40.9 61.9 60.9 54.1 65.6
Mean proportion (recipients only) 64.7 54.9 72.5 71.5 60.3 76.1 67.7 54.7 79.6 74.5 65.0 81.2
Number (thousands) 26,888 11,979 14,910 3,127 891 2,236 1,101 539 562 2,289 931 1,358
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 84.9 81.3 87.8 86.0 81.7 87.8 91.4 90.7 92.0 93.0 90.3 94.8
1–19 3.2 4.8 1.9 2.5 4.0 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.6 1.1 1.8 0.7
20–39 4.1 5.6 2.9 3.6 5.4 2.9 2.2 2.9 1.6 1.9 3.3 0.9
40–59 3.6 4.0 3.3 3.2 5.4 2.4 2.9 2.6 3.3 1.4 1.5 1.4
60–79 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.8 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4
80 or more 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.5 0.7 3.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.6 0.9
50 or more 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.0
90 or more 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.7 0.5 2.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4
100 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Mean proportion 6.6 7.5 6.0 6.7 7.3 6.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 4.4 2.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 44.0 40.0 48.9 48.3 39.6 53.5 41.1 39.0 43.5 48.2 44.8 52.4
Number (thousands) 26,888 11,979 14,910 3,127 891 2,236 1,101 539 562 2,289 931 1,358
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 71.3 66.3 75.4 77.4 69.8 80.4 83.8 79.8 87.7 85.3 83.2 86.7
1–19 12.2 15.9 9.2 8.1 14.7 5.5 7.1 10.0 4.4 6.0 8.9 4.1
20–39 9.1 10.5 8.1 6.9 9.8 5.8 4.7 5.8 3.6 4.3 4.1 4.5
40–59 4.9 5.1 4.7 5.1 4.3 5.5 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.4 2.0 2.6
60–79 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.8
80 or more 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.5 1.7 0.6 0.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4
50 or more 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.5 3.3 5.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.9 2.4 3.3
90 or more 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.2 1.1 1.2
100 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.6 0.9
Mean proportion 8.1 8.7 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.4 4.5 4.9 4.1 4.6 4.3 4.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 28.3 25.8 31.1 32.6 24.5 37.5 27.5 24.0 33.1 31.1 25.7 35.7
Number (thousands) 26,888 11,979 14,910 3,127 891 2,236 1,101 539 562 2,289 931 1,358
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 43.8 33.4 52.2 72.8 63.6 76.5 58.1 47.8 68.0 73.2 65.5 78.5
1–19 44.5 52.9 37.8 23.8 33.0 20.1 32.6 39.7 25.9 23.1 30.0 18.4
20–39 5.9 7.6 4.5 1.8 2.4 1.6 4.8 7.1 2.6 1.9 2.9 1.2
40–59 3.1 3.4 2.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.8 2.2 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.8
60–79 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4
80 or more 1.1 0.7 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.3 1.6 1.8 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.8
50 or more 4.0 4.1 3.9 1.0 0.6 1.1 3.8 4.6 3.1 1.2 1.1 1.3
90 or more 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.3 1.6 1.8 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.5
100 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mean proportion 7.0 8.0 6.2 2.1 2.4 2.0 5.7 7.0 4.4 2.5 2.9 2.2
Mean proportion (recipients only) 12.5 12.0 13.0 7.8 6.5 8.7 13.6 13.5 13.7 9.2 8.4 10.0
Number (thousands) 26,888 11,979 14,910 3,127 891 2,236 1,101 539 562 2,289 931 1,358
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 97.3 98.4 96.4 91.8 96.4 89.9 86.9 88.7 85.1 89.2 93.9 85.9
1–19 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.3 1.3 2.7 1.5 1.7 1.2 2.3 2.2 2.5
20–39 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.9 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.8 2.5 1.8 3.0
40–59 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.3
60–79 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.6
80 or more 1.0 0.3 1.5 3.1 0.4 4.2 8.7 6.9 10.4 4.4 1.0 6.7
50 or more 1.2 0.4 1.7 3.7 0.4 5.0 9.1 7.2 11.0 5.2 1.5 7.8
90 or more 1.0 0.3 1.5 3.0 0.4 4.1 8.2 6.9 9.4 4.2 1.0 6.4
100 0.9 0.3 1.3 2.7 0.1 3.8 8.0 6.6 9.4 3.9 1.0 5.9
Mean proportion 1.4 0.6 2.1 4.4 1.1 5.7 9.9 8.1 11.5 6.2 2.3 8.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 52.7 37.6 58.2 53.1 31.1 56.2 75.2 72.0 77.5 57.5 38.1 63.3
Number (thousands) 26,888 11,979 14,910 3,127 891 2,236 1,101 539 562 2,289 931 1,358
NOTES: Units with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Income Sources for Units 65 or Older Table 8.A5 Percentage distribution of units, by source of income, marital status, and quintile of total money income, 2012
Proportion of income All units Married couples Nonmarried persons
First Second Third Fourth Fifth First Second Third Fourth Fifth First Second Third Fourth Fifth
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 94.8 91.3 79.5 60.8 32.6 85.7 78.7 57.9 39.3 22.6 95.9 95.0 91.0 77.5 54.9
1–19 0.9 2.4 4.1 6.9 8.6 2.7 4.9 8.4 10.0 8.5 0.6 1.5 2.5 4.3 5.4
20–39 0.7 1.9 4.6 8.0 8.0 2.8 6.1 9.8 9.5 8.3 0.1 1.1 2.3 4.1 5.7
40–59 0.4 1.3 4.4 8.1 11.9 2.2 3.7 9.3 12.8 12.9 0.4 0.7 1.4 5.4 7.3
60–79 0.5 0.8 2.6 6.8 17.1 1.2 2.7 6.3 14.9 19.9 0.6 0.2 0.9 3.2 10.0
80 or more 2.7 2.3 4.8 9.4 21.9 5.4 3.9 8.2 13.6 27.9 2.4 1.6 1.9 5.5 16.6
50 or more 3.4 3.4 9.7 20.5 45.6 7.4 9.0 19.0 35.3 54.2 3.3 1.8 3.2 11.4 31.3
90 or more 2.4 1.9 4.2 7.5 14.3 4.6 3.5 6.4 8.6 17.6 2.1 1.4 1.7 4.6 12.8
100 2.2 1.4 2.7 3.7 3.7 3.3 1.9 3.1 3.7 3.2 1.9 1.3 1.5 3.2 5.0
Mean proportion 3.5 4.1 10.4 20.9 41.6 8.2 9.9 20.7 33.2 49.5 3.0 2.4 4.0 11.9 28.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 67.3 47.6 50.7 53.2 61.7 57.4 46.4 49.1 54.6 64.0 74.8 48.1 45.0 52.7 63.8
Number (thousands) 5,663 6,493 6,515 6,497 6,479 2,562 2,755 2,762 2,748 2,764 3,043 3,635 3,889 3,749 3,740
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 13.6 4.0 5.3 8.1 13.6 11.3 3.9 6.3 9.1 16.3 18.4 3.0 3.1 5.9 13.3
1–19 0.3 0.3 1.2 3.6 18.1 0.3 1.2 3.3 7.7 25.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.5 10.3
20–39 1.4 1.1 3.7 10.9 24.5 2.2 3.1 9.2 20.2 26.8 1.4 0.8 0.9 5.3 18.4
40–59 2.1 4.3 8.6 13.4 14.1 4.3 6.3 13.6 18.1 11.6 2.0 2.2 4.8 11.5 13.4
60–79 4.3 6.3 11.1 15.2 9.9 6.4 13.1 18.2 13.9 8.2 3.9 4.7 6.9 12.4 9.3
80 or more 78.3 84.1 70.1 48.8 19.9 75.5 72.5 49.4 31.0 11.6 74.0 89.0 84.0 63.3 35.3
50 or more 83.8 93.0 86.1 71.1 35.8 85.1 89.0 75.4 52.9 24.5 79.0 94.9 93.6 82.2 51.2
90 or more 75.4 79.1 61.6 39.7 14.7 69.6 62.3 39.0 24.1 7.8 71.5 85.0 78.9 55.8 28.8
100 59.0 51.2 30.3 15.7 3.1 46.0 30.0 14.4 5.6 2.0 57.0 61.4 49.5 26.3 10.2
Mean proportion 82.1 89.8 81.6 68.2 41.8 81.7 83.9 70.2 55.2 32.9 77.6 92.6 90.3 77.8 53.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 95.1 93.5 86.2 74.2 48.4 92.1 87.2 74.9 60.7 39.3 95.2 95.4 93.2 82.7 62.0
Number (thousands) 5,663 6,493 6,515 6,497 6,479 2,562 2,755 2,762 2,748 2,764 3,043 3,635 3,889 3,749 3,740
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 16.0 5.6 7.5 11.4 18.7 14.0 5.8 8.2 12.2 21.6 21.0 4.6 4.5 8.4 19.7
1–19 0.5 0.9 2.5 6.8 32.6 0.6 2.0 4.8 14.5 44.4 0.4 1.0 0.9 3.5 20.5
20–39 1.6 2.4 8.1 24.3 37.2 2.7 6.3 16.2 42.2 31.3 1.6 1.4 2.5 12.1 37.2
40–59 2.5 6.4 22.3 30.1 9.7 6.0 11.7 34.9 26.1 2.1 2.5 2.7 8.0 32.9 17.9
60–79 5.4 13.0 23.0 17.6 1.4 8.3 27.3 27.3 4.0 0.5 4.5 6.8 16.1 25.4 2.1
80 or more 74.0 71.7 36.6 9.8 0.3 68.3 46.9 8.6 1.1 0.2 70.0 83.6 68.0 17.7 2.5
50 or more 81.0 88.9 72.1 42.1 4.1 80.7 80.2 57.1 12.7 0.9 76.1 91.9 89.4 61.8 10.1
90 or more 69.8 61.1 27.4 5.4 0.2 60.0 33.0 3.8 0.5 0.1 66.6 77.0 55.5 12.0 1.9
100 54.3 38.3 13.6 2.5 0.1 39.1 15.4 1.8 0.1 0.1 52.9 55.0 33.0 5.6 1.0
Mean proportion 78.7 82.8 65.1 44.6 20.4 76.6 71.7 50.0 30.7 15.3 74.2 88.7 81.9 55.2 26.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 93.6 87.8 70.4 50.3 25.1 89.0 76.1 54.4 35.0 19.6 94.0 93.0 85.7 60.3 32.4
Number (thousands) 5,663 6,493 6,515 6,497 6,479 2,562 2,755 2,762 2,748 2,764 3,043 3,635 3,889 3,749 3,740
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 97.8 94.0 85.8 78.7 71.3 96.0 89.3 80.7 71.4 71.6 98.5 96.4 92.6 81.0 73.2
1–19 0.7 1.4 2.7 3.1 7.1 1.5 3.4 3.8 4.7 9.4 0.4 1.1 1.6 2.2 3.7
20–39 0.5 1.8 3.7 5.3 8.3 1.0 2.9 6.5 7.8 9.1 0.3 0.8 2.4 5.0 5.3
40–59 0.3 0.8 4.5 5.7 6.1 0.3 2.4 4.7 7.9 4.6 0.1 0.4 1.2 6.9 6.8
60–79 0.1 1.0 2.1 4.2 4.7 0.4 1.6 2.6 5.8 3.5 0.1 0.5 1.1 3.0 6.2
80 or more 0.6 1.0 1.2 3.0 2.5 0.7 0.5 1.7 2.5 1.7 0.6 0.8 1.1 2.0 4.8
50 or more 0.8 2.3 5.2 9.7 9.7 1.2 2.9 5.3 11.7 7.3 0.7 1.4 2.5 8.2 14.2
90 or more 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.9 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.3 2.9
100 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.3
Mean proportion 1.0 2.7 6.2 10.4 11.7 1.5 3.9 8.0 13.0 9.8 0.9 1.6 3.3 9.1 14.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 47.1 45.3 43.8 49.0 40.7 38.7 36.5 41.4 45.4 34.6 55.8 45.6 44.3 47.9 52.3
Number (thousands) 5,663 6,493 6,515 6,497 6,479 2,562 2,755 2,762 2,748 2,764 3,043 3,635 3,889 3,749 3,740
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 94.3 81.3 65.9 59.1 65.0 87.6 66.6 56.0 60.8 66.8 95.1 91.2 76.5 59.6 64.3
1–19 2.6 11.4 12.0 13.8 16.7 8.1 17.2 16.0 16.4 19.3 1.6 5.7 14.0 9.6 10.1
20–39 1.2 5.2 13.7 13.3 9.1 2.0 11.6 18.0 11.6 7.2 0.8 1.8 7.2 18.4 8.2
40–59 0.3 1.0 6.3 10.3 5.5 0.6 2.9 8.8 8.2 4.0 0.4 0.0 1.4 9.9 10.8
60–79 0.3 0.3 1.1 2.9 3.0 0.7 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.0 0.4 0.1 0.3 1.7 5.5
80 or more 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.6 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.1
50 or more 1.8 1.4 4.1 7.0 6.3 1.8 2.7 3.1 6.8 4.6 2.2 1.2 1.3 5.5 11.5
90 or more 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.7
100 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2
Mean proportion 2.2 4.1 9.9 12.8 9.5 3.0 7.9 12.0 11.1 7.6 2.5 2.2 5.0 13.2 13.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 38.8 22.0 29.1 31.3 27.2 24.1 23.7 27.3 28.2 22.8 50.6 24.8 21.3 32.6 37.7
Number (thousands) 5,663 6,493 6,515 6,497 6,479 2,562 2,755 2,762 2,748 2,764 3,043 3,635 3,889 3,749 3,740
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 78.3 62.5 47.3 35.6 17.8 63.9 46.6 35.8 24.8 11.9 80.8 71.2 60.6 44.3 28.3
1–19 18.0 33.2 45.2 51.4 58.0 31.0 47.0 53.5 60.9 60.2 15.1 26.4 35.1 45.2 49.0
20–39 0.6 2.9 4.9 7.9 10.3 2.2 4.8 7.9 8.3 12.8 0.6 1.5 2.9 6.5 8.0
40–59 0.3 1.1 1.8 3.4 6.9 0.4 1.4 2.1 4.1 7.4 0.3 0.6 1.3 2.7 7.2
60–79 0.3 0.1 0.5 1.3 5.2 0.5 0.0 0.6 1.8 6.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.0 4.9
80 or more 2.6 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.8 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.4 3.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 2.6
50 or more 3.0 0.7 1.5 3.2 9.7 2.5 0.7 1.4 3.4 11.2 3.5 0.7 0.6 2.4 10.2
90 or more 2.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 3.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5
100 2.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mean proportion 3.5 2.6 4.6 7.2 13.9 4.2 3.8 5.9 8.0 15.7 3.9 1.6 2.7 5.9 13.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 16.1 6.9 8.7 11.2 17.0 11.5 7.2 9.1 10.6 17.8 20.2 5.6 6.8 10.5 18.9
Number (thousands) 5,663 6,493 6,515 6,497 6,479 2,562 2,755 2,762 2,748 2,764 3,043 3,635 3,889 3,749 3,740
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 86.3 97.2 98.5 99.0 99.3 93.5 98.3 98.8 98.9 99.6 80.7 95.7 98.3 98.8 99.3
1–19 2.3 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.4 2.9 1.5 0.6 0.3 0.3
20–39 2.6 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 3.3 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.3
40–59 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1
60–79 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
80 or more 7.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.3 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.0
50 or more 8.0 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.0
90 or more 6.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.0
100 6.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 9.0 1.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 4.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 13.4 1.8 0.8 0.4 0.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 65.5 54.6 32.5 14.0 9.5 65.7 22.7 11.2 10.0 3.8 69.6 41.4 47.0 34.1 18.9
Number (thousands) 5,663 6,493 6,515 6,497 6,479 2,562 2,755 2,762 2,748 2,764 3,043 3,635 3,889 3,749 3,740
NOTES: Units with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
Quintile limits are $13,292, $22,021, $35,493, and $63,648 for all units; $26,818, $39,798, $59,252, and $94,000 for married couples; and $10,799, $15,599, $21,941, and $36,797 for nonmarried persons.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Aged Persons Table 8.B1 Percentage distribution, by source of family income, sex, and age, 2012
Proportion of family income All persons Men Women
55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older 55–61 62–64 65 or older
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 14.1 26.3 60.0 12.8 23.6 56.4 15.3 28.6 62.8
1–19 2.0 4.7 6.1 1.6 4.4 6.6 2.4 5.1 5.8
20–39 3.3 5.7 6.6 2.7 4.9 7.2 3.8 6.4 6.0
40–59 6.0 8.8 7.6 5.0 9.2 8.3 6.9 8.5 6.9
60–79 11.5 12.9 8.7 11.4 12.2 9.3 11.7 13.5 8.2
80 or more 63.1 41.6 11.1 66.5 45.8 12.2 59.9 38.0 10.3
50 or more 78.2 59.4 23.8 81.1 63.2 25.8 75.6 56.2 22.1
90 or more 53.8 32.9 7.2 57.2 36.6 8.2 50.7 29.8 6.4
100 20.3 12.0 2.9 21.7 12.6 3.2 19.0 11.4 2.6
Mean proportion 73.4 55.5 22.8 76.0 59.0 24.9 70.9 52.5 21.2
Mean proportion (recipients only) 85.4 75.2 56.9 87.1 77.2 57.0 83.8 73.5 56.8
Number (thousands) 27,545 9,954 42,580 13,249 4,606 18,971 14,296 5,348 23,608
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 68.4 40.5 8.9 72.4 44.9 9.8 64.7 36.7 8.1
1–19 9.2 12.6 7.8 8.6 12.8 8.3 9.6 12.6 7.5
20–39 7.5 12.3 11.5 6.5 11.7 12.3 8.4 12.9 10.9
40–59 4.2 8.2 10.5 3.1 7.2 10.9 5.3 9.1 10.1
60–79 2.5 6.2 11.2 2.1 5.2 11.5 2.8 7.1 10.9
80 or more 8.3 20.1 50.1 7.3 18.3 47.2 9.2 21.6 52.5
50 or more 12.5 30.1 66.5 10.7 26.9 64.1 14.2 32.8 68.4
90 or more 7.2 17.0 43.5 6.6 15.4 40.2 7.8 18.3 46.2
100 4.6 9.2 22.8 4.5 8.2 20.3 4.7 10.1 24.8
Mean proportion 15.0 32.7 66.1 12.9 29.5 63.8 16.9 35.5 67.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 47.3 55.0 72.5 46.7 53.6 70.7 47.8 56.1 73.8
Number (thousands) 27,545 9,954 42,580 13,249 4,606 18,971 14,296 5,348 23,608
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 78.7 49.4 11.6 82.4 55.7 12.9 75.2 44.0 10.6
1–19 6.9 15.3 13.0 6.0 14.1 13.9 7.8 16.3 12.2
20–39 5.3 13.5 18.1 4.0 11.1 19.6 6.6 15.5 16.8
40–59 2.7 7.2 15.6 1.7 6.1 15.7 3.7 8.2 15.5
60–79 1.7 4.3 12.6 1.5 3.2 12.3 1.9 5.3 12.8
80 or more 4.6 10.3 29.2 4.4 9.8 25.6 4.9 10.7 32.2
50 or more 7.4 17.9 49.4 6.6 15.7 45.4 8.2 19.8 52.7
90 or more 4.0 8.6 23.6 4.0 8.2 20.1 4.0 8.9 26.5
100 3.1 5.6 14.3 3.2 5.3 11.9 3.0 5.8 16.2
Mean proportion 9.3 22.0 51.6 8.0 19.2 48.3 10.6 24.4 54.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 43.8 43.5 58.3 45.4 43.4 55.5 42.7 43.6 60.5
Number (thousands) 27,545 9,954 42,580 13,249 4,606 18,971 14,296 5,348 23,608
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 92.4 86.9 83.8 93.1 88.0 83.4 91.7 85.9 84.2
1–19 2.5 3.3 4.1 2.5 3.1 4.2 2.5 3.5 4.1
20–39 2.3 4.1 4.6 2.1 3.7 4.9 2.5 4.3 4.3
40–59 1.3 2.4 3.6 1.0 2.3 3.6 1.6 2.4 3.7
60–79 0.6 2.0 2.5 0.5 1.6 2.6 0.6 2.4 2.4
80 or more 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.3
50 or more 2.0 4.5 5.3 1.7 3.9 5.4 2.2 5.0 5.2
90 or more 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.8
100 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2
Mean proportion 2.8 5.4 6.6 2.5 4.8 6.7 3.2 5.9 6.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 37.2 41.2 40.5 35.4 40.2 40.5 38.6 41.9 40.5
Number (thousands) 27,545 9,954 42,580 13,249 4,606 18,971 14,296 5,348 23,608
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 90.4 82.5 70.5 92.1 83.1 68.4 88.8 82.0 72.2
1–19 5.2 8.2 13.8 4.2 7.7 14.3 6.2 8.6 13.4
20–39 2.0 4.4 9.2 1.6 4.3 9.9 2.3 4.5 8.6
40–59 1.0 2.7 4.5 0.8 2.4 5.1 1.3 2.9 4.0
60–79 0.5 1.3 1.4 0.5 1.3 1.7 0.5 1.2 1.2
80 or more 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.6
50 or more 1.7 3.2 3.7 1.6 3.4 4.2 1.9 3.0 3.2
90 or more 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.4
100 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Mean proportion 2.7 5.1 7.7 2.3 5.2 8.5 3.0 5.0 7.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 28.1 29.2 26.1 29.7 30.8 26.8 27.1 27.8 25.4
Number (thousands) 27,545 9,954 42,580 13,249 4,606 18,971 14,296 5,348 23,608
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 43.8 43.0 43.0 43.8 42.5 40.3 43.8 43.4 45.1
1–19 50.3 49.2 45.9 50.4 50.1 47.9 50.2 48.4 44.2
20–39 3.0 4.4 6.0 3.2 4.0 6.5 2.9 4.7 5.6
40–59 1.2 1.8 2.8 1.1 1.6 3.1 1.3 2.0 2.6
60–79 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.5 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.7 1.5
80 or more 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.9
50 or more 2.2 2.4 3.6 2.1 2.4 3.6 2.4 2.4 3.5
90 or more 0.9 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.5
100 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.4
Mean proportion 4.3 5.0 6.6 4.2 4.9 6.9 4.3 5.1 6.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 7.6 8.7 11.6 7.5 8.5 11.6 7.7 8.9 11.6
Number (thousands) 27,545 9,954 42,580 13,249 4,606 18,971 14,296 5,348 23,608
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 93.3 94.1 95.4 94.0 94.5 96.1 92.7 93.7 94.8
1–19 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.5 2.4 1.8 2.7 2.4 2.2
20–39 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.3
40–59 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.6
60–79 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2
80 or more 2.2 1.5 0.9 1.8 1.0 0.8 2.5 1.9 1.0
50 or more 2.6 2.0 1.2 2.2 1.5 1.0 3.1 2.4 1.4
90 or more 2.1 1.4 0.9 1.8 0.9 0.8 2.4 1.7 1.0
100 1.9 1.3 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.7 2.2 1.6 0.9
Mean proportion 3.1 2.5 1.7 2.7 2.0 1.4 3.6 2.9 1.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 47.2 41.8 37.2 44.9 36.6 37.0 48.9 45.7 37.3
Number (thousands) 27,545 9,954 42,580 13,249 4,606 18,971 14,296 5,348 23,608
NOTES: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Persons 65 or Older Table 8.B2 Percentage distribution, by income source, sex, and age, 2012
Proportion of family income All persons Men Women
65–69 70–74 75–79 80 or older 65–69 70–74 75–79 80 or older 65–69 70–74 75–79 80 or older
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 42.9 59.4 68.3 77.0 38.3 57.4 65.6 76.9 47.1 61.2 70.3 77.1
1–19 7.4 6.9 6.4 3.7 7.3 6.8 8.0 4.3 7.4 6.9 5.2 3.3
20–39 8.7 7.5 5.8 3.4 9.0 8.2 6.6 3.8 8.5 6.9 5.2 3.1
40–59 9.9 8.9 6.3 4.1 10.2 10.1 6.8 4.6 9.6 7.8 6.0 3.8
60–79 12.4 8.5 6.3 5.6 14.0 9.0 6.5 4.5 11.0 8.2 6.1 6.3
80 or more 18.7 8.8 6.9 6.2 21.3 8.7 6.5 5.9 16.4 9.0 7.2 6.5
50 or more 36.5 21.6 16.6 14.1 40.6 22.7 16.6 12.9 32.6 20.7 16.6 14.9
90 or more 12.7 5.4 4.6 3.5 14.4 5.7 4.4 3.9 11.0 5.2 4.7 3.2
100 4.8 2.3 2.2 1.3 5.0 2.3 2.6 1.8 4.6 2.3 1.9 1.0
Mean proportion 34.5 21.4 16.5 13.1 38.2 22.4 16.9 12.6 31.2 20.6 16.1 13.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 60.5 52.8 51.9 56.9 61.9 52.5 49.1 54.4 58.9 53.1 54.4 58.7
Number (thousands) 14,197 10,083 7,455 10,845 6,787 4,621 3,168 4,396 7,411 5,461 4,287 6,449
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 14.7 6.8 5.8 5.3 16.1 6.9 5.6 6.2 13.4 6.7 6.0 4.7
1–19 11.5 6.9 5.2 5.8 13.4 6.9 5.0 4.3 9.8 6.9 5.3 6.8
20–39 14.3 12.1 10.3 8.2 15.2 12.8 11.2 8.0 13.5 11.6 9.6 8.3
40–59 12.0 11.6 10.1 7.7 12.0 11.9 10.5 8.5 12.0 11.3 9.7 7.1
60–79 11.3 11.9 10.8 10.6 10.6 12.2 12.5 11.3 11.9 11.6 9.6 10.1
80 or more 36.2 50.7 57.8 62.5 32.8 49.2 55.2 61.8 39.4 52.0 59.8 63.0
50 or more 53.5 68.2 73.8 76.8 49.4 66.9 73.3 77.2 57.4 69.4 74.2 76.5
90 or more 30.2 43.9 50.1 56.2 26.6 42.4 46.6 54.4 33.4 45.2 52.6 57.4
100 16.1 22.6 26.1 29.5 13.7 21.1 24.3 26.8 18.4 23.9 27.5 31.3
Mean proportion 54.4 67.8 72.4 75.4 50.9 66.9 71.3 75.1 57.5 68.6 73.2 75.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 63.7 72.7 76.9 79.6 60.6 71.9 75.5 80.0 66.5 73.5 77.9 79.2
Number (thousands) 14,197 10,083 7,455 10,845 6,787 4,621 3,168 4,396 7,411 5,461 4,287 6,449
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 18.8 9.2 7.7 7.1 21.0 9.5 7.6 7.8 16.8 8.9 7.8 6.7
1–19 16.7 11.7 11.2 10.6 18.9 12.3 11.0 10.1 14.6 11.1 11.3 10.9
20–39 20.9 20.3 16.1 13.6 21.3 21.5 19.5 15.2 20.6 19.2 13.5 12.6
40–59 15.4 16.7 16.3 14.3 13.9 17.6 16.6 15.9 16.8 15.9 16.1 13.3
60–79 9.9 13.0 13.7 14.7 9.0 11.9 14.5 16.3 10.8 14.0 13.2 13.7
80 or more 18.3 29.2 35.0 39.6 16.0 27.2 30.9 34.8 20.4 30.9 38.1 42.9
50 or more 35.4 50.5 57.0 61.4 31.4 47.4 53.4 59.0 39.2 53.2 59.7 63.1
90 or more 14.5 23.3 28.0 32.9 12.5 21.4 23.4 28.0 16.4 24.9 31.4 36.2
100 9.7 14.1 16.4 19.0 8.2 12.5 13.9 15.5 11.0 15.5 18.3 21.4
Mean proportion 40.2 52.9 57.6 61.1 36.8 50.9 55.2 58.5 43.3 54.6 59.3 62.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 49.5 58.2 62.4 65.8 46.6 56.2 59.7 63.4 52.0 59.9 64.4 67.3
Number (thousands) 14,197 10,083 7,455 10,845 6,787 4,621 3,168 4,396 7,411 5,461 4,287 6,449
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 82.7 84.5 83.6 84.8 82.5 84.4 83.0 83.8 82.8 84.7 84.0 85.5
1–19 4.7 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.8 3.9 3.9 3.7
20–39 5.1 4.1 4.6 4.2 5.4 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.0 4.5 3.9
40–59 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.6
60–79 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.8 1.9 1.9
80 or more 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.5
50 or more 5.2 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.3 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.4 4.9
90 or more 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.9
100 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.4
Mean proportion 6.8 6.3 6.8 6.2 6.8 6.4 7.2 6.6 6.8 6.2 6.6 6.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 39.3 40.9 41.7 41.0 39.2 41.1 42.3 40.6 39.3 40.8 41.2 41.3
Number (thousands) 14,197 10,083 7,455 10,845 6,787 4,621 3,168 4,396 7,411 5,461 4,287 6,449
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 72.6 68.1 69.2 70.9 73.0 65.8 66.4 65.4 72.2 70.1 71.3 74.6
1–19 12.9 15.1 15.1 12.8 12.8 15.8 15.9 13.7 12.9 14.4 14.6 12.2
20–39 8.5 9.4 9.5 9.7 8.4 9.6 10.7 12.0 8.5 9.3 8.6 8.1
40–59 4.1 5.2 4.3 4.4 4.0 6.2 4.5 5.9 4.2 4.4 4.1 3.3
60–79 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.3 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.0
80 or more 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8
50 or more 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.4 4.6 4.6 4.9 3.7 3.2 2.8 2.9
90 or more 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3
100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1
Mean proportion 7.1 8.3 7.7 7.8 7.0 9.2 8.7 9.8 7.3 7.5 7.0 6.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 26.0 26.0 25.1 26.8 25.8 26.9 25.8 28.4 26.3 25.2 24.5 25.3
Number (thousands) 14,197 10,083 7,455 10,845 6,787 4,621 3,168 4,396 7,411 5,461 4,287 6,449
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 41.6 42.9 43.2 44.6 39.0 40.5 41.5 41.3 44.0 44.8 44.6 46.9
1–19 48.4 44.8 45.3 43.9 51.0 47.1 45.4 45.7 46.0 42.9 45.3 42.7
20–39 5.4 7.1 5.8 5.9 5.6 7.4 6.7 6.7 5.1 6.8 5.2 5.4
40–59 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.4 2.7 2.8 3.9 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.7 1.9
60–79 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.7
80 or more 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.5
50 or more 3.0 3.7 3.6 4.2 2.7 3.8 4.0 4.5 3.3 3.6 3.3 4.0
90 or more 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6
100 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5
Mean proportion 6.1 7.0 6.7 6.9 6.0 7.0 7.5 7.7 6.1 7.0 6.1 6.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 10.4 12.2 11.9 12.5 9.9 11.8 12.9 13.1 10.8 12.6 11.0 12.0
Number (thousands) 14,197 10,083 7,455 10,845 6,787 4,621 3,168 4,396 7,411 5,461 4,287 6,449
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 95.1 95.1 95.5 95.8 96.2 95.6 96.0 96.6 94.1 94.7 95.2 95.3
1–19 2.0 2.4 2.1 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.2 2.2 2.7 2.0 1.9
20–39 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.4 0.7 1.3
40–59 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.5
60–79 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2
80 or more 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.8
50 or more 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.2
90 or more 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.8
100 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.8
Mean proportion 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.3 1.7 2.0 1.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 38.6 31.5 38.9 39.9 36.5 32.2 35.5 45.8 39.8 31.1 41.0 36.9
Number (thousands) 14,197 10,083 7,455 10,845 6,787 4,621 3,168 4,396 7,411 5,461 4,287 6,449
NOTES: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Persons 65 or Older Table 8.B3 Percentage distribution, by income source, sex, and marital status, 2012
Proportion of family income All persons Men Women
Married Nonmarried Married Nonmarried Married Nonmarried
Total Widowed Divorced Never married Total Widowed Divorced Never married Total Widowed Divorced Never married
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 54.5 67.1 71.0 61.2 63.5 51.3 69.3 74.0 66.7 67.3 58.6 66.2 70.2 57.7 60.2
1–19 7.6 4.2 4.0 4.8 3.5 7.5 4.4 4.7 4.4 3.6 7.9 4.1 3.8 5.0 3.5
20–39 8.3 4.3 3.9 5.3 4.1 8.5 3.8 3.0 4.6 3.7 8.0 4.5 4.1 5.8 4.5
40–59 9.0 5.6 5.5 6.1 5.7 9.6 5.0 5.0 5.2 3.7 8.2 5.9 5.6 6.6 7.5
60–79 9.2 7.9 7.4 9.3 8.0 10.4 6.5 5.0 7.8 6.8 7.7 8.5 8.0 10.2 9.1
80 or more 11.3 10.9 8.3 13.4 15.0 12.6 11.0 8.3 11.3 15.0 9.5 10.9 8.3 14.7 15.1
50 or more 25.0 22.1 18.6 26.4 26.6 27.9 20.6 16.1 22.5 24.3 21.4 22.7 19.3 28.8 28.6
90 or more 7.4 6.9 4.3 9.2 12.0 8.2 8.1 5.0 8.6 12.7 6.3 6.5 4.1 9.6 11.3
100 2.7 3.1 1.8 4.0 6.2 3.0 3.7 2.2 4.0 6.0 2.3 2.8 1.7 4.0 6.4
Mean proportion 24.7 20.3 17.1 24.3 24.5 27.2 19.1 15.1 20.7 22.5 21.6 20.8 17.6 26.6 26.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 54.3 61.7 59.0 62.7 67.1 55.7 62.2 58.2 62.1 69.0 52.1 61.5 59.2 62.9 65.7
Number (thousands) 24,127 18,453 10,914 4,708 1,839 13,554 5,418 2,288 1,812 854 10,573 13,035 8,626 2,896 985
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 8.4 9.5 5.3 12.9 18.1 9.2 11.4 6.9 11.8 18.7 7.4 8.7 4.9 13.5 17.6
1–19 8.1 7.5 7.8 7.4 5.8 9.1 6.3 7.2 5.5 5.3 6.8 8.1 8.0 8.6 6.2
20–39 12.7 10.1 9.8 11.8 9.0 13.5 9.1 7.5 11.7 8.8 11.5 10.4 10.4 11.8 9.2
40–59 11.7 8.9 9.2 8.7 8.8 12.0 8.1 8.9 7.4 7.9 11.2 9.2 9.2 9.6 9.5
60–79 13.1 8.6 9.1 8.6 6.8 12.8 8.3 10.1 7.4 5.8 13.5 8.8 8.8 9.3 7.6
80 or more 46.1 55.5 58.8 50.6 51.6 43.4 56.8 59.4 56.1 53.4 49.5 54.9 58.7 47.2 49.9
50 or more 65.0 68.4 72.5 63.7 62.3 62.1 68.9 74.1 67.1 63.0 68.7 68.2 72.0 61.5 61.6
90 or more 38.5 50.1 53.2 45.6 46.8 36.1 50.5 52.6 50.7 46.8 41.5 50.0 53.4 42.4 46.8
100 17.7 29.5 30.3 28.8 27.4 16.6 29.6 30.7 31.0 26.3 19.2 29.4 30.1 27.5 28.4
Mean proportion 64.2 68.5 72.1 64.3 62.9 61.9 68.6 72.3 67.9 63.1 67.1 68.4 72.1 62.0 62.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 70.1 75.6 76.2 73.8 76.8 68.2 77.4 77.7 77.0 77.6 72.5 74.9 75.8 71.7 76.0
Number (thousands) 24,127 18,453 10,914 4,708 1,839 13,554 5,418 2,288 1,812 854 10,573 13,035 8,626 2,896 985
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 11.0 12.3 7.9 16.4 21.9 12.2 14.7 9.6 15.9 22.8 9.6 11.4 7.5 16.7 21.1
1–19 14.3 11.2 12.1 10.0 9.3 15.3 10.5 12.8 8.6 8.1 13.0 11.5 11.9 10.8 10.4
20–39 20.4 15.0 14.5 16.3 16.5 21.0 16.2 15.8 16.3 17.4 19.6 14.6 14.2 16.3 15.7
40–59 16.9 13.9 14.4 14.7 10.9 16.4 13.9 15.4 14.3 9.0 17.5 13.9 14.1 15.0 12.5
60–79 13.9 10.8 11.5 10.3 9.4 13.1 10.3 12.2 9.2 9.2 14.9 11.0 11.3 11.0 9.6
80 or more 23.5 36.7 39.6 32.3 32.1 22.0 34.4 34.2 35.7 33.6 25.4 37.7 41.0 30.2 30.7
50 or more 45.6 54.4 58.1 50.1 46.1 43.0 51.3 53.5 52.0 46.5 49.0 55.6 59.4 49.0 45.8
90 or more 17.8 31.2 33.5 28.0 26.8 16.7 28.7 27.5 31.1 27.9 19.3 32.3 35.1 26.1 25.9
100 10.0 20.0 20.5 19.3 19.0 9.3 18.4 18.2 19.9 18.2 10.8 20.6 21.1 19.0 19.7
Mean proportion 48.3 55.8 59.2 52.0 48.9 46.4 53.3 55.1 54.2 49.2 50.8 56.8 60.3 50.6 48.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 54.3 63.7 64.3 62.2 62.7 52.8 62.5 60.9 64.4 63.7 56.2 64.1 65.2 60.8 61.8
Number (thousands) 24,127 18,453 10,914 4,708 1,839 13,554 5,418 2,288 1,812 854 10,573 13,035 8,626 2,896 985
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 81.2 87.2 86.8 88.1 86.0 81.5 87.9 87.0 89.7 87.6 80.8 87.0 86.8 87.0 84.6
1–19 5.1 3.0 3.5 2.1 2.5 4.9 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.6 5.2 3.2 3.5 2.6 3.2
20–39 5.7 3.0 3.4 2.6 3.0 5.8 2.7 3.4 2.1 2.5 5.7 3.2 3.4 2.9 3.4
40–59 4.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 1.9 3.9 2.8 2.5 3.4 1.8 4.2 3.2 3.3 3.8 1.9
60–79 2.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.6 1.5 2.9 2.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.0
80 or more 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.8 3.7 1.2 1.9 1.3 2.0 3.6 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.7 3.8
50 or more 5.6 5.0 4.6 4.8 7.7 5.4 5.3 4.9 4.3 7.2 5.8 4.8 4.5 5.1 8.2
90 or more 0.6 1.1 0.7 1.4 2.9 0.6 1.2 0.4 1.5 2.8 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.4 3.1
100 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6
Mean proportion 7.2 5.7 5.4 5.7 7.6 7.1 5.9 5.6 5.3 7.2 7.4 5.6 5.4 6.0 7.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 38.4 44.5 41.3 48.0 54.2 38.3 48.6 42.6 51.6 58.3 38.5 42.9 40.9 46.2 51.3
Number (thousands) 24,127 18,453 10,914 4,708 1,839 13,554 5,418 2,288 1,812 854 10,573 13,035 8,626 2,896 985
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 66.3 76.0 73.7 77.8 79.4 67.0 71.8 65.3 75.1 78.5 65.5 77.7 75.9 79.5 80.2
1–19 16.4 10.3 11.8 8.9 8.1 16.2 9.4 11.4 7.8 8.7 16.7 10.7 11.9 9.5 7.6
20–39 10.6 7.3 7.9 6.7 6.4 10.3 9.0 11.4 8.0 6.4 11.1 6.6 7.0 5.9 6.4
40–59 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.5 3.2 4.6 6.3 8.0 5.6 3.0 4.7 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.3
60–79 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.3 1.3 2.7 2.9 2.6 3.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.6
80 or more 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.9
50 or more 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2 3.5 6.0 7.2 5.6 4.7 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.9
90 or more 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.6
100 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.4
Mean proportion 8.3 6.8 7.2 6.5 6.3 8.1 9.3 11.3 8.4 6.6 8.6 5.8 6.2 5.4 6.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 24.8 28.4 27.5 29.4 30.6 24.7 32.9 32.7 33.6 30.8 24.9 26.1 25.6 26.2 30.4
Number (thousands) 24,127 18,453 10,914 4,708 1,839 13,554 5,418 2,288 1,812 854 10,573 13,035 8,626 2,896 985
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 35.6 52.6 50.5 54.3 54.8 35.7 51.9 49.3 54.8 50.2 35.5 52.9 50.9 54.0 58.9
1–19 51.3 38.8 40.2 37.9 36.4 51.6 38.5 39.2 37.3 38.7 50.8 38.9 40.4 38.3 34.4
20–39 7.5 4.0 4.5 3.3 4.3 7.3 4.6 5.8 3.6 4.8 7.8 3.8 4.2 3.1 3.8
40–59 3.1 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.7 2.5 3.8 3.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.4
60–79 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.7
80 or more 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9
50 or more 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.7 3.3 3.5 2.8 4.3 4.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 2.0
90 or more 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7
100 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7
Mean proportion 7.6 5.4 5.7 4.9 5.3 7.3 5.9 6.7 4.8 6.8 7.9 5.2 5.4 4.9 4.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 11.8 11.3 11.5 10.7 11.8 11.4 12.2 13.3 10.7 13.6 12.2 10.9 11.1 10.6 9.9
Number (thousands) 24,127 18,453 10,914 4,708 1,839 13,554 5,418 2,288 1,812 854 10,573 13,035 8,626 2,896 985
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 96.8 93.5 94.4 93.3 90.7 96.8 94.4 94.7 95.7 91.2 96.8 93.1 94.4 91.7 90.3
1–19 1.6 2.5 2.2 2.6 3.1 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.5 3.2 1.5 2.7 2.4 3.2 3.1
20–39 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.7 0.6 2.0 0.8 1.7 1.4 2.1 1.6
40–59 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.3
60–79 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6
80 or more 0.5 1.5 1.1 1.8 2.7 0.5 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.1 0.5 1.4 0.9 1.8 3.2
50 or more 0.6 2.0 1.4 2.3 3.8 0.5 2.1 1.7 2.1 3.0 0.6 2.0 1.4 2.4 4.6
90 or more 0.5 1.5 1.1 1.8 2.4 0.4 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.5 0.5 1.4 0.9 1.8 3.2
100 0.4 1.3 1.0 1.4 2.3 0.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.5 3.0
Mean proportion 1.0 2.7 2.1 3.0 4.4 1.0 2.6 2.4 2.4 3.8 1.0 2.7 2.0 3.3 5.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 30.6 41.4 37.7 44.1 47.3 30.0 47.1 45.8 55.3 42.5 31.3 39.5 35.8 40.4 51.1
Number (thousands) 24,127 18,453 10,914 4,708 1,839 13,554 5,418 2,288 1,812 854 10,573 13,035 8,626 2,896 985
NOTES: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Persons 65 or Older Table 8.B4 Percentage distribution, by source of family income, family Social Security beneficiary status, sex, and marital status, 2012
Proportion of family income Persons in beneficiary families Persons in nonbeneficiary families
All Men Women All Men Women
Total Married Non- married Total Married Non- married Total Married Non- married Total Married Non- married Total Married Non- married Total Married Non- married
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 64.3 58.8 71.6 61.4 55.9 75.5 66.5 62.3 70.0 27.0 20.1 35.1 22.9 17.7 33.5 31.1 24.0 35.9
1–19 6.8 8.4 4.6 7.3 8.3 4.8 6.3 8.6 4.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.0
20–39 7.1 9.0 4.6 7.9 9.3 4.2 6.5 8.6 4.7 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.5 2.9 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.4
40–59 8.0 9.5 6.1 8.9 10.2 5.5 7.4 8.6 6.3 3.9 5.3 2.3 4.5 5.6 2.1 3.4 4.8 2.5
60–79 8.6 9.1 8.0 9.2 10.4 6.1 8.2 7.6 8.8 8.9 10.2 7.3 10.1 10.9 8.5 7.6 9.0 6.6
80 or more 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.9 3.9 5.1 4.4 5.7 56.4 60.4 51.8 58.5 61.6 52.1 54.4 58.4 51.6
50 or more 18.0 19.1 16.6 19.1 21.3 13.3 17.2 16.3 17.9 67.5 73.0 61.0 71.2 75.3 62.7 63.8 69.2 60.1
90 or more 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 50.8 54.6 46.3 52.7 55.4 47.1 48.9 53.4 45.8
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.6 24.1 25.2 24.7 24.4 25.4 24.5 23.8 25.0
Mean proportion 17.4 19.1 15.1 18.6 21.0 12.3 16.5 16.8 16.2 64.0 69.6 57.6 67.2 71.4 58.7 60.9 66.6 57.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 48.7 46.4 53.0 48.2 47.7 50.1 49.1 44.5 54.0 87.8 87.1 88.8 87.2 86.7 88.3 88.4 87.7 89.0
Number (thousands) 37,639 21,464 16,175 16,527 11,906 4,621 21,112 9,558 11,554 4,941 2,663 2,278 2,445 1,648 797 2,496 1,015 1,481
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.4 76.2 76.6 76.1 75.5 77.3 76.7 77.4 76.2
1–19 8.2 8.4 8.1 8.7 9.4 6.9 7.9 7.1 8.5 4.8 5.7 3.9 5.3 6.6 2.6 4.4 4.2 4.5
20–39 12.5 13.7 10.9 13.4 14.8 10.0 11.8 12.5 11.3 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.1 3.3 2.7 3.8
40–59 11.5 12.8 9.9 12.2 13.3 9.3 11.0 12.1 10.1 2.3 2.9 1.6 2.4 2.9 1.4 2.2 3.0 1.6
60–79 12.4 14.5 9.5 12.9 14.3 9.5 11.9 14.8 9.5 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.8 1.1 2.3 1.8 2.7
80 or more 55.3 50.6 61.6 52.7 48.2 64.3 57.4 53.6 60.5 10.6 9.5 11.9 10.2 8.6 13.5 11.0 10.9 11.1
50 or more 73.4 71.5 76.1 71.7 69.1 78.3 74.8 74.4 75.2 13.6 13.0 14.2 12.9 12.1 14.6 14.2 14.6 13.9
90 or more 48.1 42.3 55.7 44.9 40.2 57.2 50.5 45.0 55.1 9.1 7.8 10.6 8.5 7.0 11.5 9.7 9.1 10.2
100 25.3 19.5 32.9 22.7 18.5 33.7 27.3 20.8 32.6 4.0 3.4 4.7 3.8 2.9 5.6 4.2 4.2 4.2
Mean proportion 72.8 70.5 76.0 71.2 68.7 77.6 74.1 72.7 75.3 14.3 13.6 15.2 13.9 12.9 15.9 14.7 14.6 14.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 72.8 70.5 76.0 71.2 68.7 77.6 74.1 72.7 75.3 60.7 57.1 65.0 58.1 52.8 69.9 63.3 64.6 62.5
Number (thousands) 37,639 21,464 16,175 16,527 11,906 4,621 21,112 9,558 11,554 4,941 2,663 2,278 2,445 1,648 797 2,496 1,015 1,481
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 83.3 80.3 87.2 82.6 80.6 87.9 83.8 79.9 86.9 88.0 88.5 87.4 88.1 88.2 88.1 87.9 89.1 87.1
1–19 4.4 5.4 3.2 4.5 5.2 2.6 4.4 5.5 3.4 1.9 2.5 1.3 2.0 2.7 0.5 1.9 2.2 1.7
20–39 4.9 6.2 3.2 5.2 6.2 2.8 4.6 6.2 3.3 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.1 1.8 1.5 2.0
40–59 3.9 4.3 3.4 3.9 4.2 3.2 3.9 4.5 3.5 1.4 1.7 1.0 1.4 1.7 0.6 1.4 1.6 1.2
60–79 2.6 3.0 2.2 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.5 3.0 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.7
80 or more 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 5.2 3.9 6.8 5.0 3.6 7.8 5.5 4.3 6.3
50 or more 5.1 5.5 4.5 5.2 5.4 4.8 5.0 5.7 4.4 7.0 5.7 8.4 6.5 5.4 8.7 7.4 6.3 8.2
90 or more 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 4.7 3.6 5.9 4.3 3.4 6.2 5.0 3.9 5.8
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2
Mean proportion 6.4 7.3 5.2 6.7 7.2 5.3 6.2 7.5 5.2 7.5 6.5 8.8 7.2 6.3 9.1 7.8 6.7 8.6
Mean proportion (recipients only) 38.4 37.1 41.0 38.4 37.1 43.9 38.4 37.1 39.9 62.9 56.5 69.7 61.0 53.4 76.7 64.7 61.9 66.3
Number (thousands) 37,639 21,464 16,175 16,527 11,906 4,621 21,112 9,558 11,554 4,941 2,663 2,278 2,445 1,648 797 2,496 1,015 1,481
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 68.1 63.6 74.1 65.4 64.1 68.8 70.2 62.9 76.2 88.9 88.5 89.3 88.5 88.0 89.7 89.2 89.3 89.1
1–19 15.1 18.0 11.3 15.7 17.8 10.6 14.6 18.2 11.6 3.7 4.1 3.2 4.1 5.0 2.3 3.2 2.7 3.6
20–39 10.1 11.7 8.0 11.0 11.4 10.2 9.4 12.1 7.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.9
40–59 5.0 5.1 4.7 5.7 5.1 7.2 4.4 5.1 3.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7
60–79 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.4 3.2 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.5 1.0
80 or more 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.5 4.3 4.1 4.8 3.7
50 or more 3.5 3.4 3.7 4.2 3.4 6.2 3.0 3.4 2.6 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.7 4.7
90 or more 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.2 2.7 3.8 3.0 2.3 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.5
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.9 2.2 1.4 0.7 2.8 1.6 1.1 1.9
Mean proportion 8.0 8.7 7.0 8.9 8.6 9.9 7.2 8.9 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 25.0 23.9 27.1 25.8 23.9 31.6 24.3 23.9 24.7 48.9 46.8 51.7 46.1 42.1 55.8 51.9 55.4 49.6
Number (thousands) 37,639 21,464 16,175 16,527 11,906 4,621 21,112 9,558 11,554 4,941 2,663 2,278 2,445 1,648 797 2,496 1,015 1,481
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 42.2 34.8 51.9 39.6 35.1 51.2 44.2 34.6 52.1 49.1 41.7 57.7 45.3 40.3 55.8 52.7 43.9 58.7
1–19 46.5 51.8 39.4 48.3 52.0 38.6 45.0 51.5 39.7 41.4 47.3 34.5 45.3 48.9 38.0 37.5 44.7 32.6
20–39 6.4 7.9 4.3 6.9 7.7 5.0 5.9 8.2 4.0 3.2 4.2 2.1 3.7 4.5 2.0 2.8 3.7 2.2
40–59 3.0 3.2 2.6 3.2 3.2 3.5 2.7 3.3 2.3 1.6 2.1 1.0 1.8 2.2 0.9 1.4 1.9 1.0
60–79 1.6 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.3 1.3 1.5 1.1
80 or more 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 4.3 4.2 4.4
50 or more 3.3 3.6 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.8 2.7 5.6 6.1 5.1 4.7 5.4 3.4 6.5 7.2 6.1
90 or more 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.5 3.3 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 4.2 4.2 4.1
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 2.9 3.6 2.6 2.5 2.9 3.9 3.7 4.0
Mean proportion 6.5 7.5 5.2 6.9 7.3 5.9 6.2 7.8 4.9 7.4 8.1 6.6 6.9 7.7 5.4 7.8 8.7 7.2
Mean proportion (recipients only) 11.3 11.5 10.8 11.4 11.2 12.2 11.1 11.9 10.2 14.5 13.8 15.5 12.7 12.9 12.2 16.5 15.5 17.4
Number (thousands) 37,639 21,464 16,175 16,527 11,906 4,621 21,112 9,558 11,554 4,941 2,663 2,278 2,445 1,648 797 2,496 1,015 1,481
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 96.7 97.6 95.4 97.2 97.5 96.5 96.2 97.7 95.0 85.5 90.3 79.8 88.3 91.3 82.1 82.7 88.7 78.6
1–19 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.4 2.6 3.3 2.8 3.9 3.0 2.5 4.1 3.6 3.1 3.8
20–39 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.5 2.1 1.5 2.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.6 1.6 3.3
40–59 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.1 1.4 1.0
60–79 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.8
80 or more 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 4.2 12.3 6.4 3.7 12.0 9.5 5.0 12.5
50 or more 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.5 8.5 4.5 13.1 6.7 4.1 12.0 10.2 5.3 13.6
90 or more 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 4.1 12.0 6.2 3.6 11.5 9.3 4.9 12.3
100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 3.9 10.5 5.5 3.3 9.9 8.4 4.7 10.9
Mean proportion 0.7 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.4 1.2 9.5 5.5 14.1 7.4 4.9 12.8 11.4 6.5 14.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 21.2 17.4 23.9 20.3 17.4 25.6 21.8 17.5 23.4 65.0 56.8 69.6 63.6 56.1 71.2 65.9 57.7 68.9
Number (thousands) 37,639 21,464 16,175 16,527 11,906 4,621 21,112 9,558 11,554 4,941 2,663 2,278 2,445 1,648 797 2,496 1,015 1,481
NOTES: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Persons 65 or Older Table 8.B5 Percentage distribution, by source of family income, race, Hispanic origin, and sex, 2012
Proportion of family income White alone Black alone Asian alone Hispanic origin
All persons Men Women All persons Men Women All persons Men Women All persons Men Women
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 61.2 57.5 64.2 58.0 54.8 60.3 38.1 35.6 39.9 50.4 50.2 50.6
1–19 6.3 6.8 6.0 4.9 5.4 4.6 3.9 3.4 4.3 3.8 3.6 4.0
20–39 6.6 7.2 6.2 6.0 7.4 5.0 5.3 6.3 4.5 4.9 5.9 4.1
40–59 7.5 8.4 6.7 8.2 8.4 8.1 8.7 8.3 9.1 8.7 9.7 7.9
60–79 8.4 9.1 7.8 8.9 9.4 8.6 14.0 13.8 14.1 12.1 12.6 11.8
80 or more 10.0 11.0 9.1 13.9 14.6 13.4 30.0 32.6 28.1 20.1 18.0 21.7
50 or more 22.2 24.4 20.5 26.9 28.3 25.9 49.5 51.9 47.7 37.4 36.2 38.2
90 or more 6.3 7.3 5.5 9.2 10.2 8.5 20.5 22.8 18.9 14.1 13.6 14.5
100 2.4 2.7 2.2 5.3 5.9 4.8 7.0 8.7 5.7 7.9 7.7 8.0
Mean proportion 21.5 23.7 19.7 25.7 27.4 24.5 44.6 47.1 42.8 33.8 33.2 34.2
Mean proportion (recipients only) 55.4 55.7 55.1 61.2 60.6 61.7 72.0 73.1 71.2 68.1 66.6 69.3
Number (thousands) 36,472 16,376 20,097 3,808 1,592 2,216 1,632 701 932 3,141 1,345 1,797
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 7.7 8.6 7.0 12.8 14.3 11.7 24.2 27.4 21.8 18.3 17.3 19.1
1–19 7.4 8.0 6.9 7.4 7.3 7.4 19.5 18.7 20.0 10.3 9.7 10.8
20–39 11.7 12.5 11.0 10.2 10.7 9.9 12.9 12.5 13.2 12.7 13.1 12.4
40–59 10.5 10.8 10.2 10.6 11.8 9.7 8.6 9.7 7.8 10.1 11.1 9.3
60–79 11.5 11.7 11.3 9.0 10.0 8.3 8.4 8.8 8.2 7.7 7.2 8.1
80 or more 51.3 48.5 53.6 50.1 45.9 53.1 26.4 22.8 29.0 40.9 41.6 40.3
50 or more 68.0 65.5 70.0 64.5 61.7 66.5 38.7 36.2 40.5 53.2 53.5 52.9
90 or more 44.3 41.0 47.0 45.1 40.5 48.4 23.6 20.7 25.8 36.5 37.4 35.9
100 22.1 19.8 24.0 32.7 28.5 35.7 13.6 11.9 14.8 26.9 27.2 26.6
Mean proportion 67.3 65.1 69.2 64.6 61.8 66.6 41.7 39.0 43.6 55.3 56.2 54.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 73.0 71.2 74.4 74.0 72.1 75.4 55.0 53.8 55.8 67.7 67.9 67.7
Number (thousands) 36,472 16,376 20,097 3,808 1,592 2,216 1,632 701 932 3,141 1,345 1,797
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 10.4 11.6 9.3 16.7 18.0 15.7 26.6 29.3 24.6 20.7 19.8 21.3
1–19 12.7 13.9 11.8 11.6 11.8 11.4 22.5 22.0 22.8 13.2 13.3 13.1
20–39 18.5 20.1 17.2 15.6 17.2 14.5 15.7 15.6 15.7 14.6 15.7 13.8
40–59 16.0 16.0 15.9 13.7 14.7 12.9 10.4 9.5 11.2 12.2 12.7 11.9
60–79 13.0 12.6 13.4 10.0 10.8 9.5 7.7 8.4 7.3 8.2 7.3 8.9
80 or more 29.4 25.8 32.4 32.4 27.5 35.9 17.1 15.2 18.4 31.1 31.3 31.0
50 or more 50.3 46.0 53.7 49.4 45.4 52.3 29.3 27.6 30.7 44.6 44.0 45.1
90 or more 23.5 20.0 26.4 28.1 23.8 31.3 14.9 12.9 16.5 27.7 28.4 27.2
100 13.6 11.4 15.4 21.9 18.1 24.6 9.9 8.6 10.8 21.5 21.9 21.3
Mean proportion 52.4 49.0 55.1 51.4 48.1 53.8 34.0 32.0 35.4 48.1 48.1 48.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 58.4 55.5 60.7 61.7 58.7 63.8 46.3 45.3 47.0 60.6 60.0 61.1
Number (thousands) 36,472 16,376 20,097 3,808 1,592 2,216 1,632 701 932 3,141 1,345 1,797
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 83.4 82.9 83.8 85.1 84.8 85.3 90.6 92.0 89.6 92.1 91.4 92.6
1–19 4.3 4.3 4.3 3.9 3.6 4.1 2.1 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9
20–39 4.7 4.9 4.4 3.9 4.8 3.3 3.6 2.9 4.0 2.6 2.9 2.4
40–59 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.1 3.5 2.8 2.7 2.0 3.2 1.2 1.3 1.2
60–79 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.2 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3
80 or more 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.3 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.6
50 or more 5.5 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.7 5.1 2.4 2.0 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.4
90 or more 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3
100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2
Mean proportion 6.7 7.0 6.5 6.3 6.1 6.4 3.4 2.7 4.0 3.3 3.7 2.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 40.4 40.7 40.2 42.3 40.4 43.8 36.5 33.1 38.5 41.1 43.1 39.3
Number (thousands) 36,472 16,376 20,097 3,808 1,592 2,216 1,632 701 932 3,141 1,345 1,797
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 69.3 67.3 70.9 75.4 72.3 77.6 82.1 80.8 83.1 84.8 84.5 85.0
1–19 14.3 14.6 14.0 11.0 12.7 9.8 10.1 11.8 8.8 7.7 7.4 7.9
20–39 9.6 10.3 9.1 7.5 8.7 6.6 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3
40–59 4.6 5.3 4.1 4.5 4.6 4.4 2.4 2.1 2.6 1.9 2.0 1.7
60–79 1.5 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.4
80 or more 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7
50 or more 3.8 4.5 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.7 1.8
90 or more 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.6
100 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mean proportion 8.0 8.8 7.3 6.7 7.3 6.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.2 3.6
Mean proportion (recipients only) 26.1 26.9 25.3 27.1 26.2 28.0 23.5 21.8 24.9 25.5 27.3 24.2
Number (thousands) 36,472 16,376 20,097 3,808 1,592 2,216 1,632 701 932 3,141 1,345 1,797
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 39.7 37.2 41.8 70.0 66.8 72.3 45.2 46.0 44.7 68.0 66.9 68.8
1–19 48.1 50.0 46.5 27.0 29.9 25.0 45.1 43.7 46.2 28.4 29.5 27.5
20–39 6.5 7.0 6.1 1.8 2.1 1.7 6.2 6.8 5.7 1.9 1.8 1.9
40–59 3.1 3.3 2.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.8 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.9
60–79 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.4
80 or more 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.5
50 or more 3.9 3.9 3.9 0.7 0.8 0.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 1.1 1.2 1.0
90 or more 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.4
100 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.4
Mean proportion 7.2 7.5 7.0 1.9 2.2 1.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 2.5 2.6 2.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 12.0 11.9 12.0 6.4 6.5 6.2 9.8 9.9 9.6 7.9 7.9 8.0
Number (thousands) 36,472 16,376 20,097 3,808 1,592 2,216 1,632 701 932 3,141 1,345 1,797
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 96.4 97.0 95.9 90.1 92.0 88.8 86.8 85.3 88.0 87.9 91.2 85.4
1–19 1.6 1.5 1.7 4.0 2.7 5.0 5.6 6.5 4.9 4.8 3.3 5.8
20–39 0.9 0.7 1.1 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.5 3.3 2.4 4.1
40–59 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.7
60–79 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5
80 or more 0.7 0.6 0.8 2.1 2.3 2.0 3.4 3.6 3.3 2.4 2.1 2.6
50 or more 0.9 0.7 1.0 2.9 2.6 3.1 4.2 4.5 3.9 3.3 2.6 3.9
90 or more 0.7 0.5 0.8 2.1 2.2 2.0 3.3 3.6 3.0 2.2 2.0 2.4
100 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 3.3 3.6 3.0 1.9 1.8 2.0
Mean proportion 1.3 1.0 1.5 3.9 3.5 4.2 5.3 5.9 4.9 4.7 3.7 5.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 35.9 34.3 36.8 39.6 44.3 37.2 40.5 39.8 41.2 38.8 42.0 37.3
Number (thousands) 36,472 16,376 20,097 3,808 1,592 2,216 1,632 701 932 3,141 1,345 1,797
NOTES: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Persons 65 or Older Table 8.B6 Percentage distribution, by source of family income, race, Hispanic origin, sex, and marital status, 2012
Proportion of family income White alone Black alone Asian alone Hispanic origin
Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women
Married Non-married Married Non-married Married Non-married Married Non-married Married Non-married Married Non-married Married Non-married Married Non-married
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 52.6 70.6 59.4 68.3 46.4 65.7 55.5 62.1 33.3 45.1 45.1 35.4 46.4 58.6 54.8 47.8
1–19 7.6 4.5 8.1 4.1 6.1 4.4 6.0 4.1 3.8 1.6 5.3 3.4 4.0 2.6 4.0 4.0
20–39 8.6 3.5 8.0 4.6 8.4 6.1 8.9 3.6 7.1 2.9 6.9 2.4 6.7 4.0 6.2 2.7
40–59 9.6 5.1 7.9 5.7 11.3 4.6 11.7 6.9 9.3 4.1 10.4 8.0 11.3 6.3 10.5 6.2
60–79 10.1 6.5 7.5 8.2 12.0 6.1 8.1 8.7 15.4 7.4 12.5 15.6 14.2 9.1 9.7 13.1
80 or more 11.5 9.8 9.0 9.2 15.8 13.1 9.8 14.6 31.1 39.0 19.9 35.1 17.4 19.3 14.9 26.1
50 or more 26.3 19.5 20.4 20.5 33.1 22.1 23.0 27.0 52.5 49.1 39.2 55.1 37.8 32.8 30.8 43.1
90 or more 7.4 7.2 6.0 5.2 10.4 10.1 6.6 9.2 21.5 28.1 12.2 24.6 12.7 15.6 11.4 16.5
100 2.5 3.2 2.2 2.2 5.3 6.5 2.9 5.5 9.0 7.7 3.8 7.3 6.7 10.0 6.3 9.1
Mean proportion 25.8 17.9 20.8 18.9 31.7 21.7 23.9 24.7 47.6 45.0 35.5 49.1 34.7 29.9 28.6 37.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 54.4 60.9 51.2 59.5 59.2 63.4 53.6 65.1 71.3 82.1 64.7 76.0 64.7 72.1 63.3 72.7
Number (thousands) 11,907 4,469 9,423 10,673 897 695 584 1,631 566 134 432 500 929 416 713 1,084
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 8.1 9.8 6.9 7.1 12.1 17.2 7.1 13.3 26.0 33.2 18.0 25.1 14.6 23.2 14.9 21.9
1–19 8.7 6.0 6.4 7.4 8.7 5.6 6.4 7.8 18.7 18.8 16.8 22.8 9.9 9.2 5.7 14.1
20–39 13.7 9.3 11.7 10.3 11.9 9.0 9.6 10.0 14.2 5.6 11.3 14.8 15.3 8.3 12.5 12.2
40–59 11.9 8.0 11.1 9.4 13.9 9.0 12.8 8.5 10.4 6.6 11.2 4.8 12.5 8.1 11.6 7.9
60–79 13.0 8.3 13.7 9.2 11.5 8.1 11.3 7.2 9.4 6.3 12.0 4.8 9.0 3.3 8.7 7.7
80 or more 44.7 58.6 50.2 56.6 41.9 51.1 52.8 53.2 21.2 29.5 30.7 27.6 38.7 47.9 46.7 36.2
50 or more 63.6 70.6 69.5 70.4 60.3 63.6 70.9 65.0 35.4 39.4 48.0 34.1 53.2 54.2 60.9 47.7
90 or more 37.0 51.8 41.9 51.4 35.9 46.4 45.8 49.4 19.0 27.7 27.4 24.3 33.9 45.2 40.1 33.1
100 16.2 29.2 18.4 28.9 24.7 33.3 32.4 36.9 10.6 17.5 15.6 14.2 24.7 32.7 29.3 24.9
Mean proportion 63.2 70.2 67.9 70.3 60.4 63.5 69.3 65.6 38.7 40.3 48.9 39.2 55.9 56.8 61.8 50.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 68.7 77.8 72.9 75.7 68.7 76.7 74.6 75.7 52.4 60.3 59.6 52.3 65.5 73.9 72.6 64.1
Number (thousands) 11,907 4,469 9,423 10,673 897 695 584 1,631 566 134 432 500 929 416 713 1,084
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 11.1 13.0 9.0 9.6 15.0 21.9 10.6 17.5 28.0 34.9 20.7 28.0 17.2 25.6 16.9 24.2
1–19 15.1 10.5 12.9 10.8 14.6 8.2 10.7 11.7 22.3 20.7 19.9 25.3 13.2 13.5 8.2 16.4
20–39 21.2 17.1 19.8 14.8 20.5 12.8 19.3 12.8 17.9 5.9 16.5 15.0 18.4 9.5 16.7 11.8
40–59 16.8 13.8 17.6 14.4 14.3 15.3 17.0 11.4 9.7 8.6 15.0 7.9 14.2 9.1 14.2 10.4
60–79 13.5 10.3 15.4 11.6 10.5 11.1 10.1 9.3 8.9 6.0 9.8 5.1 8.4 4.7 10.1 8.0
80 or more 22.2 35.2 25.4 38.7 25.1 30.7 32.2 37.2 13.2 24.0 18.1 18.7 28.5 37.5 33.9 29.1
50 or more 43.8 51.9 49.5 57.5 41.9 49.9 51.5 52.6 26.3 33.1 34.2 27.6 43.4 45.2 48.8 42.6
90 or more 16.5 29.1 19.0 33.0 21.4 26.9 27.5 32.6 11.8 17.5 15.8 17.1 25.3 35.2 29.3 25.8
100 8.8 18.1 10.1 20.2 15.8 21.0 21.2 25.8 7.6 12.8 11.4 10.3 19.6 26.9 22.3 20.6
Mean proportion 47.1 54.3 51.2 58.5 46.6 50.1 53.8 53.8 31.3 35.0 38.7 32.6 47.8 48.8 53.1 44.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 52.9 62.4 56.2 64.7 54.8 64.1 60.2 65.3 43.5 53.7 48.8 45.2 57.7 65.6 63.9 59.1
Number (thousands) 11,907 4,469 9,423 10,673 897 695 584 1,631 566 134 432 500 929 416 713 1,084
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 81.1 87.5 80.4 86.8 81.5 89.1 81.1 86.8 91.2 95.3 87.6 91.3 90.3 93.8 89.2 94.8
1–19 5.0 2.4 5.5 3.2 5.1 1.7 4.9 3.9 2.2 3.2 1.6 2.3 2.4 0.7 2.2 1.7
20–39 5.8 2.6 5.7 3.3 5.7 3.7 5.6 2.5 3.4 0.7 6.1 2.2 3.2 2.2 3.9 1.5
40–59 3.9 2.9 4.2 3.4 4.6 2.1 4.7 2.1 2.3 0.5 3.8 2.6 1.5 0.9 1.9 0.7
60–79 2.8 2.6 3.0 1.9 2.5 1.2 2.7 2.1 0.9 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.9 0.9
80 or more 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.3 0.6 2.1 0.9 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.4
50 or more 5.6 5.6 5.9 4.8 4.8 4.6 5.1 5.1 2.4 0.3 3.1 2.5 2.8 2.8 3.5 1.7
90 or more 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.3 0.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.2
100 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0
Mean proportion 7.3 6.1 7.5 5.6 6.8 5.2 7.2 6.2 3.1 0.8 4.7 3.4 4.0 3.1 4.5 1.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 38.6 48.9 38.5 42.4 36.8 48.3 38.1 46.7 35.2 16.6 37.7 39.5 40.9 50.9 41.5 36.4
Number (thousands) 11,907 4,469 9,423 10,673 897 695 584 1,631 566 134 432 500 929 416 713 1,084
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 66.0 70.6 64.7 76.5 69.2 76.2 68.4 80.9 80.3 82.8 76.8 88.5 83.2 87.6 82.7 86.5
1–19 16.5 9.5 17.1 11.4 16.1 8.3 14.5 8.1 12.1 10.4 12.7 5.6 9.4 3.0 9.4 7.0
20–39 10.6 9.7 11.4 7.0 10.3 6.5 10.7 5.1 5.0 2.5 6.1 2.7 3.9 4.6 5.1 3.8
40–59 4.8 6.5 4.8 3.4 3.5 6.1 5.2 4.1 1.9 3.1 3.0 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.9
60–79 1.4 3.0 1.4 1.1 0.5 1.8 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.7 1.5 0.6 0.3
80 or more 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.0 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.6
50 or more 3.7 6.4 3.7 2.9 2.1 4.3 3.6 3.5 1.8 2.9 2.7 1.4 2.3 3.6 2.1 1.6
90 or more 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.6
100 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.4
Mean proportion 8.5 9.7 8.8 6.0 6.7 8.0 7.9 5.7 4.1 4.6 5.5 3.1 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.3
Mean proportion (recipients only) 25.0 33.0 25.0 25.7 21.8 33.5 25.1 29.6 20.8 26.6 23.5 27.4 23.9 37.3 23.6 24.7
Number (thousands) 11,907 4,469 9,423 10,673 897 695 584 1,631 566 134 432 500 929 416 713 1,084
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 33.0 48.3 33.1 49.4 62.9 71.7 64.9 75.0 44.5 52.5 41.6 47.4 64.2 73.0 63.7 72.3
1–19 53.5 40.9 52.5 41.3 34.1 24.5 31.8 22.6 44.5 40.1 45.0 47.3 31.7 24.7 30.9 25.2
20–39 7.7 5.0 8.1 4.2 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.4 7.2 5.4 8.5 3.4 2.5 0.4 3.0 1.2
40–59 3.3 3.4 3.4 2.4 0.6 1.6 0.6 0.8 1.7 2.1 2.4 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.5 0.5
60–79 1.8 1.3 2.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2
80 or more 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.3 0.0 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.6
50 or more 3.9 3.8 4.4 3.6 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.6 3.5 1.5 4.4 1.9 1.1 1.5 1.5 0.8
90 or more 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.3 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4
100 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mean proportion 7.8 6.6 8.3 5.8 2.2 2.1 2.4 1.5 5.8 3.3 7.2 3.7 2.7 2.4 3.5 1.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 11.7 12.8 12.4 11.5 5.9 7.6 6.8 5.9 10.5 7.0 12.3 7.1 7.6 8.8 9.6 6.5
Number (thousands) 11,907 4,469 9,423 10,673 897 695 584 1,631 566 134 432 500 929 416 713 1,084
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 97.3 96.0 97.4 94.5 94.7 88.5 95.5 86.3 88.3 72.6 87.4 88.6 91.5 90.4 90.5 82.0
1–19 1.6 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.8 3.9 1.5 6.2 4.4 15.1 5.0 4.8 3.4 3.0 3.7 7.3
20–39 0.6 1.1 0.7 1.4 2.4 1.9 2.0 2.8 2.6 4.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 1.8 3.2 4.6
40–59 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 1.0 0.4 1.2 0.6 3.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.4 1.0 2.1
60–79 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.8
80 or more 0.3 1.3 0.4 1.2 0.8 4.2 0.5 2.5 3.3 4.6 3.4 3.1 1.3 4.0 1.6 3.2
50 or more 0.4 1.5 0.4 1.6 0.8 5.0 0.6 3.9 4.0 6.6 4.3 3.6 1.8 4.4 1.8 5.3
90 or more 0.3 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.8 4.0 0.5 2.5 3.3 4.6 3.4 2.7 1.1 4.0 1.3 3.1
100 0.3 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.4 3.9 0.5 2.2 3.3 4.6 3.4 2.7 1.0 3.7 1.1 2.7
Mean proportion 0.7 1.9 0.8 2.2 1.7 5.9 1.4 5.2 5.2 8.7 5.4 4.5 3.0 5.3 3.3 6.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 26.7 48.0 28.8 40.2 32.5 51.3 32.1 37.8 44.3 31.7 42.9 39.6 35.3 55.0 35.3 38.0
Number (thousands) 11,907 4,469 9,423 10,673 897 695 584 1,631 566 134 432 500 929 416 713 1,084
NOTES: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Persons 65 or Older Table 8.B7 Percentage distribution, by source of family income and quintile of per-capita family total money income, 2012
Proportion of family income Total First Second Third Fourth Fifth
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 60.0 78.2 77.2 63.8 47.8 33.7
1–19 6.1 3.9 4.2 6.3 8.2 8.0
20–39 6.6 3.1 5.3 7.6 8.8 7.8
40–59 7.6 3.5 4.6 7.4 10.2 11.9
60–79 8.7 3.9 3.8 7.2 12.0 16.1
80 or more 11.1 7.3 4.9 7.6 13.1 22.6
50 or more 23.8 13.1 11.2 18.6 29.9 45.3
90 or more 7.2 5.6 3.6 4.9 8.0 13.8
100 2.9 4.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 2.9
Mean proportion 22.8 12.8 11.6 18.8 29.0 41.3
Mean proportion (recipients only) 56.9 58.5 51.1 51.8 55.6 62.2
Number (thousands) 42,580 8,162 8,604 8,598 8,597 8,618
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 8.9 15.0 4.7 5.3 7.4 12.3
1–19 7.8 2.1 2.3 4.8 8.6 21.1
20–39 11.5 4.7 4.1 8.2 15.5 24.8
40–59 10.5 5.0 6.9 10.6 16.5 12.9
60–79 11.2 7.4 9.7 14.9 14.5 9.1
80 or more 50.1 65.9 72.3 56.1 37.5 19.8
50 or more 66.5 76.0 85.5 76.6 60.6 34.3
90 or more 43.5 61.1 64.8 47.7 30.0 15.0
100 22.8 43.1 36.3 21.8 9.9 4.1
Mean proportion 66.1 74.1 82.4 73.2 59.9 41.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 72.5 87.2 86.4 77.3 64.7 46.8
Number (thousands) 42,580 8,162 8,604 8,598 8,597 8,618
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 11.6 17.7 6.4 6.7 10.2 17.4
1–19 13.0 2.0 3.2 7.0 14.1 37.8
20–39 18.1 5.4 6.3 13.0 29.2 35.7
40–59 15.6 6.6 10.5 20.0 33.1 7.3
60–79 12.6 8.8 15.8 26.4 10.8 0.8
80 or more 29.2 59.5 57.7 26.8 2.7 1.0
50 or more 49.4 72.0 79.1 65.0 28.9 3.2
90 or more 23.6 53.9 45.9 17.9 1.4 0.7
100 14.3 37.9 25.1 8.7 0.5 0.4
Mean proportion 51.6 69.7 74.2 58.5 36.8 19.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 58.3 84.7 79.3 62.7 40.9 23.7
Number (thousands) 42,580 8,162 8,604 8,598 8,597 8,618
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 83.8 96.5 91.7 85.7 74.6 71.4
1–19 4.1 1.1 3.1 3.4 5.1 7.9
20–39 4.6 1.1 2.0 4.9 7.0 7.7
40–59 3.6 0.3 1.5 3.3 6.9 5.9
60–79 2.5 0.4 0.9 1.7 4.4 4.8
80 or more 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 2.0 2.5
50 or more 5.3 1.1 1.9 3.8 9.3 10.2
90 or more 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.4
100 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1
Mean proportion 6.6 1.5 2.9 5.6 11.0 11.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 40.5 41.9 35.1 39.1 43.2 40.2
Number (thousands) 42,580 8,162 8,604 8,598 8,597 8,618
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 70.5 90.2 75.8 64.3 58.8 64.4
1–19 13.8 5.4 14.3 15.9 15.4 17.3
20–39 9.2 2.2 7.0 14.0 14.3 8.1
40–59 4.5 0.5 1.8 4.8 9.5 5.6
60–79 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.6 3.7
80 or more 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.9
50 or more 3.7 1.8 1.7 2.3 5.2 7.2
90 or more 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5
100 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mean proportion 7.7 2.7 5.1 8.8 11.7 9.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 26.1 27.9 21.0 24.7 28.4 27.6
Number (thousands) 42,580 8,162 8,604 8,598 8,597 8,618
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 43.0 72.4 54.8 42.5 30.1 16.6
1–19 45.9 23.9 41.1 48.9 57.0 57.2
20–39 6.0 1.1 2.9 6.8 7.9 11.1
40–59 2.8 0.4 1.0 1.3 3.6 7.4
60–79 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.2 5.7
80 or more 0.8 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 2.0
50 or more 3.6 2.2 0.7 1.0 2.7 11.1
90 or more 0.4 1.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4
100 0.4 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
Mean proportion 6.6 3.2 2.8 4.6 7.2 15.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 11.6 11.6 6.3 7.9 10.3 18.1
Number (thousands) 42,580 8,162 8,604 8,598 8,597 8,618
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 95.4 85.8 95.8 97.2 98.3 99.1
1–19 2.0 3.8 2.3 1.9 1.4 0.8
20–39 1.1 3.6 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.0
40–59 0.4 1.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0
60–79 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
80 or more 0.9 4.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
50 or more 1.2 5.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0
90 or more 0.9 4.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
100 0.8 4.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 1.7 7.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 37.2 50.5 23.7 16.5 13.1 8.2
Number (thousands) 42,580 8,162 8,604 8,598 8,597 8,618
NOTES: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
Per-capita family total money income quintile limits are $12,159, $17,750, $25,835, and $41,479.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Persons 65 or Older Table 8.B8 Percentage distribution, by source of family income, number of persons in family, and quintile of per-capita family total money income, 2012
Proportion of family income Total First Second Third Fourth Fifth
  Earnings
  Persons in 1-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 81.7 96.0 93.8 88.0 73.6 53.8
1–19 3.3 1.0 2.2 3.1 4.8 5.8
20–39 3.2 0.4 1.7 2.9 5.5 6.1
40–59 3.3 0.2 1.0 3.0 4.8 8.1
60–79 3.1 0.4 0.4 1.2 3.8 10.3
80 or more 5.4 2.0 0.9 1.8 7.5 15.9
50 or more 10.3 2.6 1.4 4.0 13.7 31.7
90 or more 4.2 1.8 0.9 1.5 6.1 11.9
100 2.1 1.8 0.8 1.0 3.6 3.9
Mean proportion 10.2 2.5 2.3 5.1 14.5 28.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 55.9 63.9 37.7 42.6 54.9 62.1
Number (thousands) 13,254 2,695 2,860 2,798 2,302 2,599
  Persons in 2-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 59.6 87.0 82.7 64.9 46.9 28.9
1–19 7.5 3.4 4.5 8.4 10.3 9.2
20–39 7.2 2.6 5.1 8.6 10.4 7.8
40–59 8.1 2.0 3.2 7.7 11.2 13.8
60–79 8.6 1.5 2.3 6.0 11.6 18.3
80 or more 9.0 3.6 2.2 4.4 9.5 22.0
50 or more 21.8 6.2 6.6 14.6 26.1 47.5
90 or more 5.6 2.8 2.1 3.3 5.5 12.4
100 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.2
Mean proportion 21.3 6.5 7.4 15.6 26.5 43.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 52.7 50.2 42.7 44.5 49.9 60.7
Number (thousands) 22,354 3,475 4,387 4,456 4,913 5,124
  Persons in families of 3 or more
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 19.7 38.8 24.6 10.1 7.7 2.8
1–19 7.3 8.9 7.4 6.0 6.3 7.0
20–39 10.9 7.7 13.4 13.9 8.6 13.1
40–59 13.8 10.7 16.3 15.8 15.5 11.5
60–79 19.5 12.9 16.3 24.0 27.1 20.5
80 or more 28.8 21.0 22.0 30.2 34.8 45.1
50 or more 55.7 39.5 47.0 62.6 70.4 72.1
90 or more 18.0 15.5 14.0 17.2 20.0 28.0
100 7.2 10.7 7.2 6.0 5.3 4.3
Mean proportion 51.5 37.4 45.0 57.5 62.3 67.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 64.2 61.1 59.8 63.9 67.5 69.0
Number (thousands) 6,971 1,992 1,358 1,344 1,383 895
  Retirement benefits
  Persons in 1-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 7.3 13.4 2.0 3.2 7.0 11.5
1–19 3.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 2.2 12.7
20–39 6.0 1.4 0.7 2.0 7.1 19.8
40–59 7.5 1.7 3.8 6.2 13.9 13.5
60–79 8.4 5.1 5.3 8.9 14.5 9.3
80 or more 67.7 78.1 87.9 79.2 55.3 33.2
50 or more 80.2 84.1 95.5 91.8 77.9 48.8
90 or more 61.6 75.1 82.0 72.2 47.3 26.4
100 36.0 56.2 53.5 37.2 20.3 8.7
Mean proportion 78.1 82.2 92.3 87.5 73.2 52.2
Mean proportion (recipients only) 84.2 95.0 94.2 90.4 78.7 59.0
Number (thousands) 13,254 2,695 2,860 2,798 2,302 2,599
  Persons in 2-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 6.7 10.5 2.7 3.3 5.8 11.5
1–19 7.2 0.5 0.7 2.3 6.3 22.2
20–39 12.2 3.0 2.7 7.9 15.6 27.1
40–59 11.2 4.1 6.1 11.1 18.6 13.4
60–79 12.8 6.8 10.5 19.7 16.1 9.5
80 or more 49.9 75.2 77.3 55.6 37.6 16.3
50 or more 68.2 84.4 91.0 81.1 63.4 31.1
90 or more 42.3 70.0 68.3 44.8 29.0 11.7
100 19.8 47.7 33.8 18.2 7.2 2.6
Mean proportion 67.3 81.8 86.7 75.6 61.8 39.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 72.2 91.3 89.1 78.2 65.6 44.1
Number (thousands) 22,354 3,475 4,387 4,456 4,913 5,124
  Persons in families of 3 or more
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 18.7 24.9 16.6 16.5 14.0 18.8
1–19 19.1 7.4 11.8 22.0 27.4 39.2
20–39 19.9 12.1 15.7 22.2 29.0 26.0
40–59 13.6 10.9 16.3 18.4 13.2 8.8
60–79 11.2 11.6 16.5 11.3 8.8 6.0
80 or more 17.5 33.0 23.2 9.6 7.5 1.3
50 or more 34.9 50.3 46.7 30.1 21.8 10.0
90 or more 13.2 26.8 17.2 6.2 4.9 0.3
100 7.2 17.3 8.0 1.5 2.0 0.0
Mean proportion 39.1 49.9 47.6 35.5 30.7 20.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 48.1 66.5 57.1 42.5 35.7 25.2
Number (thousands) 6,971 1,992 1,358 1,344 1,383 895
  Social Security
  Persons in 1-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 10.2 15.5 3.0 4.3 10.5 18.6
1–19 6.3 0.3 1.0 1.2 5.6 24.5
20–39 12.3 1.6 1.6 4.4 16.7 39.5
40–59 14.5 2.5 4.8 14.4 41.4 13.8
60–79 12.1 5.8 10.0 24.3 19.5 1.0
80 or more 44.7 74.2 79.6 51.4 6.3 2.6
50 or more 64.2 81.6 92.6 85.4 47.3 6.9
90 or more 38.5 69.7 69.5 39.3 3.4 2.1
100 24.4 52.0 42.3 20.2 1.4 1.1
Mean proportion 63.5 79.1 87.4 75.0 46.0 24.3
Mean proportion (recipients only) 70.7 93.6 90.1 78.4 51.4 29.8
Number (thousands) 13,254 2,695 2,860 2,798 2,302 2,599
  Persons in 2-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 9.4 13.5 4.5 4.6 8.4 16.0
1–19 12.8 0.6 1.7 3.6 10.9 40.3
20–39 20.2 3.9 5.4 13.0 33.7 37.2
40–59 17.1 5.5 10.5 25.1 36.3 5.2
60–79 14.4 9.1 20.1 34.3 9.0 0.8
80 or more 26.1 67.5 57.7 19.2 1.7 0.4
50 or more 48.7 79.4 83.4 68.3 27.0 1.9
90 or more 20.0 61.3 42.7 9.7 0.8 0.1
100 11.4 41.3 20.7 4.1 0.2 0.1
Mean proportion 51.0 76.5 76.5 58.5 37.2 18.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 56.3 88.5 80.1 61.4 40.6 22.2
Number (thousands) 22,354 3,475 4,387 4,456 4,913 5,124
  Persons in families of 3 or more
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 21.3 27.8 19.6 18.6 15.8 21.8
1–19 26.2 6.8 12.7 30.6 39.7 62.3
20–39 22.2 13.1 19.3 31.1 33.9 15.7
40–59 12.8 14.1 22.7 14.5 7.7 0.2
60–79 7.7 12.5 14.0 4.5 2.7 0.0
80 or more 9.8 25.8 11.7 0.8 0.1 0.0
50 or more 23.7 46.1 36.9 11.8 5.4 0.0
90 or more 7.1 19.5 6.8 0.8 0.0 0.0
100 4.4 13.1 3.3 0.2 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 30.5 45.2 39.0 24.3 19.8 10.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 38.8 62.6 48.5 29.8 23.6 13.9
Number (thousands) 6,971 1,992 1,358 1,344 1,383 895
  Government employee pensions
  Persons in 1-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 87.0 98.1 95.4 89.7 78.2 71.3
1–19 2.0 0.7 1.3 1.6 1.9 4.3
20–39 3.0 0.3 1.1 4.0 4.7 5.4
40–59 3.5 0.1 0.5 2.4 7.7 7.8
60–79 2.4 0.1 0.6 1.5 4.0 6.4
80 or more 2.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 3.5 4.7
50 or more 6.1 0.7 1.9 3.0 11.3 14.7
90 or more 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 2.4 2.9
100 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.1
Mean proportion 6.5 1.0 2.2 4.4 11.4 14.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 49.9 50.0 48.5 42.3 52.5 51.2
Number (thousands) 13,254 2,695 2,860 2,798 2,302 2,599
  Persons in 2-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 81.1 96.2 90.5 83.2 71.5 70.3
1–19 4.9 0.8 3.6 4.3 5.4 8.8
20–39 5.6 1.2 2.4 5.1 8.4 8.9
40–59 4.2 0.3 1.9 4.3 7.6 5.6
60–79 2.9 0.6 1.1 1.8 5.4 4.6
80 or more 1.2 0.8 0.4 1.2 1.7 1.8
50 or more 5.8 1.6 1.9 4.4 10.0 9.4
90 or more 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.9
100 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1
Mean proportion 7.4 1.8 3.1 6.5 12.2 11.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 39.3 48.4 33.1 38.8 42.9 37.3
Number (thousands) 22,354 3,475 4,387 4,456 4,913 5,124
  Persons in families of 3 or more
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 86.3 94.6 87.6 85.4 79.5 77.4
1–19 5.9 2.2 5.6 4.0 9.2 12.8
20–39 4.3 1.9 2.9 5.7 5.9 7.3
40–59 2.0 0.7 2.5 2.2 3.4 1.5
60–79 1.1 0.5 0.7 1.9 1.4 1.0
80 or more 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.0
50 or more 2.2 0.8 1.9 3.3 3.5 1.9
90 or more 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.0
100 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 3.9 1.6 3.7 5.1 5.8 4.9
Mean proportion (recipients only) 28.7 30.1 29.9 35.2 28.0 21.8
Number (thousands) 6,971 1,992 1,358 1,344 1,383 895
  Private pensions or annuities
  Persons in 1-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 74.7 94.7 85.1 68.6 56.4 65.1
1–19 9.2 2.3 9.9 14.1 8.7 10.7
20–39 8.3 1.0 4.0 12.5 17.8 8.0
40–59 5.1 0.2 0.6 3.5 13.5 9.3
60–79 1.9 0.4 0.2 0.7 2.9 5.7
80 or more 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.3
50 or more 4.6 1.7 0.6 2.1 8.1 11.6
90 or more 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9
100 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mean proportion 7.9 2.2 2.7 7.9 15.3 13.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 31.2 40.9 17.9 25.3 35.2 37.3
Number (thousands) 13,254 2,695 2,860 2,798 2,302 2,599
  Persons in 2-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 66.1 89.0 69.9 58.7 55.9 63.4
1–19 16.4 6.6 17.1 17.8 18.4 19.4
20–39 10.5 2.0 8.8 16.5 14.4 8.8
40–59 4.9 0.6 2.4 6.1 9.7 4.2
60–79 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.3 3.4
80 or more 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.8
50 or more 3.9 2.1 2.7 2.6 5.0 6.2
90 or more 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4
100 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 8.6 3.0 6.8 10.3 11.9 9.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 25.2 27.0 22.4 25.0 27.1 24.9
Number (thousands) 22,354 3,475 4,387 4,456 4,913 5,124
  Persons in families of 3 or more
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 76.8 86.3 75.5 73.9 73.0 68.0
1–19 13.9 7.6 14.8 13.5 16.2 23.9
20–39 6.6 4.2 7.2 8.9 8.3 4.7
40–59 2.1 0.9 2.1 3.2 2.1 3.2
60–79 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1
80 or more 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0
50 or more 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.8 1.1 0.7
90 or more 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0
100 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 4.5 3.1 4.7 5.6 4.9 4.7
Mean proportion (recipients only) 19.3 22.4 19.4 21.6 18.0 14.7
Number (thousands) 6,971 1,992 1,358 1,344 1,383 895
  Income from assets
  Persons in 1-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 50.6 76.6 62.8 48.9 36.8 24.1
1–19 38.9 20.2 33.2 44.4 48.0 50.4
20–39 4.7 0.5 2.3 4.6 8.6 8.4
40–59 3.0 0.3 1.4 1.3 4.8 8.0
60–79 1.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.5 5.7
80 or more 1.3 2.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 3.4
50 or more 4.0 2.7 1.0 1.4 3.6 12.0
90 or more 0.7 2.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.6
100 0.6 2.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mean proportion 6.5 3.2 2.6 4.0 8.1 15.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 13.2 13.7 7.0 7.9 12.8 20.4
Number (thousands) 13,254 2,695 2,860 2,798 2,302 2,599
  Persons in 2-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 35.7 66.4 48.4 37.2 25.3 12.6
1–19 50.9 28.4 46.3 51.8 60.9 59.6
20–39 7.6 1.8 3.9 9.2 8.6 12.5
40–59 3.2 0.7 1.1 1.6 3.8 7.4
60–79 1.9 0.6 0.1 0.2 1.2 6.3
80 or more 0.8 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 1.6
50 or more 4.0 2.8 0.7 0.8 2.8 11.6
90 or more 0.4 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
100 0.3 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Mean proportion 7.8 4.3 3.5 5.5 7.7 15.8
Mean proportion (recipients only) 12.1 12.7 6.8 8.7 10.3 18.1
Number (thousands) 22,354 3,475 4,387 4,456 4,913 5,124
  Persons in families of 3 or more
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 51.8 77.4 58.6 46.5 35.8 17.5
1–19 43.1 21.2 40.7 48.9 58.3 63.3
20–39 3.2 0.7 0.7 3.5 4.4 10.3
40–59 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.6 1.1 6.3
60–79 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 2.6
80 or more 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
50 or more 1.2 0.6 0.0 1.0 1.1 5.1
90 or more 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
100 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 3.2 1.3 1.3 2.6 3.8 10.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 6.6 5.9 3.1 4.8 6.0 12.1
Number (thousands) 6,971 1,992 1,358 1,344 1,383 895
  Cash public assistance
  Persons in 1-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 95.7 83.6 97.6 98.7 99.5 99.6
1–19 1.0 3.1 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2
20–39 1.0 3.8 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.1
40–59 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1
60–79 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
80 or more 1.8 7.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0
50 or more 2.0 8.8 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0
90 or more 1.7 7.5 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0
100 1.5 6.5 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 2.4 10.1 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 56.1 61.2 44.3 32.1 40.6 20.6
Number (thousands) 13,254 2,695 2,860 2,798 2,302 2,599
  Persons in 2-person families
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 97.3 90.6 97.6 98.0 99.2 99.3
1–19 0.9 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.7
20–39 0.7 2.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0
40–59 0.4 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0
60–79 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
80 or more 0.5 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
50 or more 0.8 4.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
90 or more 0.5 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
100 0.5 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 1.1 5.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 40.6 57.4 27.7 17.6 17.6 8.9
Number (thousands) 22,354 3,475 4,387 4,456 4,913 5,124
  Persons in families of 3 or more
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 88.4 80.7 85.8 91.8 93.3 96.9
1–19 7.3 8.4 9.9 7.2 6.2 3.1
20–39 2.8 6.0 3.9 1.1 0.5 0.0
40–59 0.6 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
60–79 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
80 or more 0.7 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
50 or more 1.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
90 or more 0.6 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
100 0.6 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mean proportion 2.5 6.3 2.0 0.9 0.5 0.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 21.3 32.5 14.4 10.5 7.4 2.9
Number (thousands) 6,971 1,992 1,358 1,344 1,383 895
NOTES: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
Per-capita family total money income quintile limits are $12,159, $17,750, $25,835, and $41,479.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
Relative Importance of Family Income Sources for Persons 65 or Older Table 8.B9 Percentage distribution, by source of family income, sex, and ratio of family total money income to the poverty threshold, 2012
Proportion of family income All persons Men Women
Under 1.00 1.00– 1.24 1.25– 1.49 1.50– 1.99 2.00 or more Under 1.00 1.00– 1.24 1.25– 1.49 1.50– 1.99 2.00 or more Under 1.00 1.00– 1.24 1.25– 1.49 1.50– 1.99 2.00 or more
  Earnings
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 87.1 85.2 84.9 80.1 48.2 81.4 84.3 82.9 81.1 47.0 89.7 85.8 86.0 79.5 49.5
1–19 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.6 7.4 3.1 3.1 4.4 4.2 7.6 1.9 2.6 3.0 4.9 7.2
20–39 1.0 3.5 2.4 4.1 8.4 1.6 3.5 2.7 3.9 8.7 0.7 3.5 2.2 4.2 8.1
40–59 1.4 2.4 2.0 4.2 9.9 1.8 2.1 1.8 4.4 10.3 1.3 2.5 2.1 4.1 9.5
60–79 1.9 1.9 2.8 2.9 11.7 3.4 1.8 2.0 2.3 11.9 1.2 2.1 3.2 3.4 11.6
80 or more 6.3 4.2 4.4 4.0 14.3 8.7 5.2 6.2 4.1 14.6 5.2 3.7 3.4 3.9 14.1
50 or more 9.0 7.5 7.9 9.1 31.3 12.8 8.0 8.7 8.8 31.9 7.2 7.2 7.4 9.4 30.7
90 or more 5.5 3.0 3.7 3.0 8.9 7.7 3.4 5.2 3.2 9.6 4.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 8.3
100 5.0 2.3 2.5 1.6 2.9 7.2 2.2 3.3 1.6 3.2 4.0 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.7
Mean proportion 8.7 7.9 8.1 9.6 29.7 12.5 8.6 9.4 9.3 30.4 6.9 7.6 7.4 9.8 29.1
Mean proportion (recipients only) 67.1 53.7 53.9 48.2 57.4 67.4 54.6 55.2 49.1 57.3 66.9 53.2 53.0 47.7 57.6
Number (thousands) 3,470 2,355 2,722 5,536 28,497 1,079 806 969 2,279 13,839 2,391 1,550 1,753 3,257 14,658
  Retirement benefits
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 21.8 7.3 6.0 4.6 8.5 29.8 8.8 7.4 5.0 9.3 18.2 6.5 5.3 4.4 7.8
1–19 0.5 1.6 0.8 1.4 11.2 0.7 1.9 0.6 1.2 11.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 11.4
20–39 2.5 3.2 3.3 3.6 15.7 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.7 15.8 2.4 3.6 3.7 4.2 15.5
40–59 3.5 3.9 4.2 6.3 13.3 3.1 4.9 3.5 5.5 13.3 3.6 3.4 4.5 6.8 13.3
60–79 5.2 6.8 5.7 9.9 13.0 5.7 6.2 5.3 8.9 13.1 5.0 7.1 5.9 10.6 12.9
80 or more 66.4 77.2 80.0 74.3 38.4 57.9 75.8 80.6 76.6 37.6 70.3 78.0 79.7 72.6 39.1
50 or more 74.0 85.8 88.1 87.4 57.9 65.6 84.6 88.5 88.0 57.1 77.8 86.4 87.9 87.0 58.5
90 or more 63.3 72.7 74.0 67.1 31.2 54.3 72.1 73.8 68.5 30.3 67.3 73.1 74.2 66.1 32.1
100 48.5 50.5 47.9 37.6 12.1 42.1 51.1 48.8 39.3 11.7 51.4 50.2 47.4 36.4 12.6
Mean proportion 71.9 83.8 85.8 84.0 58.5 63.6 82.4 85.4 84.8 57.8 75.7 84.6 86.0 83.4 59.2
Mean proportion (recipients only) 92.0 90.4 91.3 88.1 63.9 90.5 90.4 92.2 89.3 63.7 92.6 90.4 90.8 87.2 64.2
Number (thousands) 3,470 2,355 2,722 5,536 28,497 1,079 806 969 2,279 13,839 2,391 1,550 1,753 3,257 14,658
  Social Security
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 24.7 9.3 7.8 6.2 11.6 33.2 10.5 9.2 6.9 12.7 20.8 8.6 7.0 5.8 10.6
1–19 0.5 2.0 1.2 1.9 18.7 0.3 2.5 0.8 1.7 18.6 0.6 1.8 1.3 2.1 18.7
20–39 2.9 3.8 3.9 5.2 24.9 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.6 25.6 2.7 4.0 4.0 6.3 24.3
40–59 4.2 4.7 5.0 10.5 19.9 3.3 5.2 4.1 9.3 19.1 4.6 4.5 5.5 11.4 20.5
60–79 6.1 8.5 9.4 15.7 13.4 6.4 7.4 8.7 14.7 12.9 5.9 9.0 9.8 16.4 13.8
80 or more 61.7 71.8 72.8 60.4 11.6 53.4 71.2 73.6 63.8 11.1 65.4 72.1 72.3 58.0 12.0
50 or more 70.6 82.9 85.0 82.1 34.3 61.8 82.0 84.7 83.5 32.9 74.6 83.4 85.2 81.0 35.7
90 or more 57.5 65.6 62.5 48.7 7.5 49.2 66.5 64.0 50.9 7.0 61.3 65.2 61.7 47.2 7.9
100 44.0 45.4 39.0 26.5 3.4 38.3 48.2 40.2 28.2 3.1 46.6 43.9 38.4 25.3 3.7
Mean proportion 68.2 80.1 81.2 76.3 39.5 59.7 79.2 80.9 77.6 38.6 72.0 80.5 81.3 75.4 40.5
Mean proportion (recipients only) 90.5 88.2 88.0 81.3 44.7 89.5 88.5 89.1 83.3 44.2 90.9 88.1 87.5 80.0 45.3
Number (thousands) 3,470 2,355 2,722 5,536 28,497 1,079 806 969 2,279 13,839 2,391 1,550 1,753 3,257 14,658
  Government employee pensions
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 97.8 96.3 95.7 93.2 78.1 98.0 97.4 96.0 94.1 78.7 97.7 95.7 95.6 92.6 77.5
1–19 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.8 5.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.7 5.3 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.9 5.8
20–39 0.6 0.9 1.1 2.3 6.1 0.6 0.7 1.3 2.6 6.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 2.1 6.2
40–59 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.1 5.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 4.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.5 5.4
60–79 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 3.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.4 3.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.2 3.4
80 or more 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.5 1.7 0.4 0.9 1.2 0.7 1.7
50 or more 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.8 7.2 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.1 7.0 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.4 7.4
90 or more 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.0
100 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2
Mean proportion 0.9 1.6 2.0 2.7 8.8 0.8 1.0 1.9 2.1 8.6 1.0 1.9 2.1 3.1 9.0
Mean proportion (recipients only) 41.7 43.3 47.0 40.0 40.3 40.7 39.1 47.6 36.2 40.6 42.1 44.6 46.8 42.1 40.1
Number (thousands) 3,470 2,355 2,722 5,536 28,497 1,079 806 969 2,279 13,839 2,391 1,550 1,753 3,257 14,658
  Private pensions or annuities
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 94.1 92.3 85.6 78.1 62.9 94.7 93.2 86.8 78.3 62.0 93.9 91.8 85.0 78.1 63.8
1–19 2.5 4.2 10.4 12.7 16.5 2.1 3.9 9.7 12.8 16.4 2.6 4.4 10.8 12.6 16.6
20–39 1.0 2.2 2.8 6.3 11.9 0.8 1.3 2.3 6.0 12.3 1.1 2.7 3.1 6.5 11.6
40–59 0.4 0.1 0.5 1.5 6.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.4 6.7 0.4 0.1 0.7 1.6 5.9
60–79 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.9 1.8 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.8 2.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.9 1.6
80 or more 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.6
50 or more 2.1 1.2 0.8 1.9 4.7 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.9 5.1 2.0 1.1 0.5 1.9 4.2
90 or more 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.3
100 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mean proportion 2.4 2.1 2.6 4.9 9.8 2.3 2.0 2.5 4.9 10.3 2.5 2.1 2.6 4.8 9.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 41.4 26.6 18.0 22.2 26.5 43.4 29.8 19.1 22.6 27.1 40.6 25.2 17.5 21.9 25.9
Number (thousands) 3,470 2,355 2,722 5,536 28,497 1,079 806 969 2,279 13,839 2,391 1,550 1,753 3,257 14,658
  Income from assets
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 77.2 71.8 64.7 56.7 31.7 77.0 72.3 66.4 58.0 30.9 77.3 71.6 63.7 55.8 32.4
1–19 17.1 26.5 31.9 39.2 53.6 16.2 26.1 30.9 39.7 54.2 17.5 26.7 32.4 38.9 53.1
20–39 0.6 1.0 2.0 3.1 8.0 0.6 0.8 1.6 2.2 8.4 0.6 1.1 2.3 3.7 7.7
40–59 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.9 3.8 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 4.1 0.5 0.2 1.2 1.4 3.6
60–79 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0 2.2 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 2.4
80 or more 4.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 5.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 3.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.9
50 or more 4.8 0.4 1.0 0.4 4.5 5.8 0.4 0.6 0.1 4.4 4.3 0.4 1.2 0.6 4.7
90 or more 4.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.9 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 3.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1
100 3.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 4.8 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 3.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0
Mean proportion 5.3 1.4 2.4 2.6 8.4 6.4 1.5 2.1 2.1 8.4 4.8 1.4 2.6 3.0 8.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 23.2 5.0 6.8 6.1 12.3 28.0 5.3 6.2 4.9 12.2 21.1 4.8 7.1 6.9 12.4
Number (thousands) 3,470 2,355 2,722 5,536 28,497 1,079 806 969 2,279 13,839 2,391 1,550 1,753 3,257 14,658
  Cash public assistance
Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 81.8 90.1 95.0 95.3 97.5 79.7 92.3 94.7 95.5 97.8 82.8 89.0 95.1 95.2 97.2
1–19 3.3 3.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 3.3 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.6 3.3 3.8 1.8 1.9 2.0
20–39 3.7 2.3 1.4 1.8 0.6 3.3 2.2 1.8 2.0 0.4 3.8 2.4 1.1 1.7 0.7
40–59 2.1 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.1 1.6 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.1 2.3 1.6 0.8 0.6 0.2
60–79 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0
80 or more 8.6 2.4 0.8 0.4 0.0 11.7 2.4 0.4 0.4 0.0 7.2 2.3 1.0 0.3 0.0
50 or more 9.8 4.0 1.1 0.6 0.0 12.9 3.3 0.6 0.6 0.0 8.4 4.4 1.3 0.6 0.0
90 or more 8.3 2.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 11.1 2.4 0.4 0.4 0.0 7.1 2.2 1.0 0.3 0.0
100 7.4 2.2 0.6 0.4 0.0 9.7 2.3 0.2 0.4 0.0 6.4 2.1 0.8 0.3 0.0
Mean proportion 11.3 4.6 1.8 1.4 0.4 14.1 4.0 1.6 1.3 0.3 10.1 4.9 2.0 1.5 0.4
Mean proportion (recipients only) 62.2 46.3 36.7 30.3 14.7 69.2 51.9 29.9 29.8 14.5 58.6 44.3 40.8 30.7 14.8
Number (thousands) 3,470 2,355 2,722 5,536 28,497 1,079 806 969 2,279 13,839 2,391 1,550 1,753 3,257 14,658
NOTES: Persons in families with zero total income or with negative total income, earnings, or income from assets are excluded.
The family money income of aged persons is compared with the official poverty lines of families in 2012.
The relative importance of a source of income may not accurately reflect the resources available to elderly persons or elderly aged units. The survey on which these data are based does not include some potentially important resources as income, including lump-sum pension payments and capital gains. In addition, these statistics do not take into consideration noncash benefits that supplement money income (housing and energy subsidies or SNAP benefits) or the amount of savings available to supplement monthly income. Consult the Frequently Asked Questions for further information.