How does the TWP help you?

The TWP allows you to test your ability to work for at least nine months. During your TWP, you will receive full Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits regardless of how high your earnings might be as long as you report your work activity and you have a disabling impairment.

When does the TWP start?

Details on the TWP months and earnings amounts are available at www.ssa.gov/redbook.

What happens when you complete your TWP?

After you complete your TWP, you begin your Extended Period of Eligibility (EPE). During the EPE, we evaluate your work and earnings to decide if you can work at the substantial gainful activity (SGA) level.

What else do you need to know about the TWP?

• You are not eligible for disability benefits or a TWP if you work at the SGA level within 12 months of the start of your impairment(s) and before we approve your claim for disability benefits. This is because your impairment does not meet our definition of disability.
• We can consider medical evidence that might demonstrate your medical recovery at any time. Therefore, it is possible for your benefits to stop due to your medical recovery before the end of your TWP.
• We will not conduct a continuing disability review if you are participating in the Ticket to Work program and you are actively working on your employment goal with your Ticket provider.
• Unsuccessful Work Attempts do not apply during the TWP.

Usually, we adjust the dollar amount of TWP “services” each year based on the national average wage index.

Does the TWP apply to Supplemental Security Income (SSI)?

No. A TWP does not apply to the SSI program.

For additional information on the TWP, visit our website: https://www.ssa.gov/OACT/COLA/twp.html.

What is the EPE?

The EPE begins the month after the Trial Work Period (TWP) ends, even if you are not working that month. The first 36 months of the EPE is the re-entitlement period.

How does the EPE help you?

During the 36-month re-entitlement period, you get benefits for all months your earnings or work activities are below the substantial gainful activity (SGA) level as long as you continue to have a disabling impairment. We suspend cash benefits for months your earnings are over the SGA level. If your earnings fall below the SGA level in the re-entitlement period, we can start your benefits again. (This is a different rule from Expedited Reinstatement (EXR) that we described earlier.)

What happens the first time you work above SGA?

The first time that you work above SGA in the EPE, we will decide that you no longer meet the requirements for disability due to work, and we say that your disability "ceased”. We will pay benefits for the month your disability ceased and the following two months. We call this the grace period. If your earnings fall below SGA and you are still in the 36-month re-entitlement period, we can restart your benefits without a new application.

Can you continue to receive benefits after the 36-month re-entitlement period ends?

If you are not working above SGA and are eligible for a benefit payment for the 37th month of the EPE, you will continue to receive benefits until you work a month at the SGA level or medically recover.

What happens if you work after the re-entitlement period ends?

Do you get an EPE under Supplemental Security Income?

No. The EPE applies only to persons who receive Social Security Disability Insurance cash benefits.

“Unincurred Business Expenses” are contributions made by others to your self-employment business effort. For example, if the state vocational rehabilitation agency gives you a computer for your business, or a friend works for your business as unpaid help, these are “unincurred business expenses”.

We generally follow the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) rules to figure your net earnings from self-employment. The IRS only allows you to deduct expenses you actually paid or incurred debt. When we make a substantial gainful activity decision, we also deduct unincurred business expenses from your net earnings because we want an accurate measure of the value of your work.

What qualifies as an unincurred business expense?

For an item or service to qualify as an unincurred business expense, it must be an item or service that the IRS would allow as a legitimate business expense if you had paid for it.

Do unincurred business expenses affect your Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments?

No. We do not deduct unincurred business expenses from earnings when we figure your SSI payment amount.

What is Continuation of Medicare Coverage?

Most people with disabilities who work will continue to receive at least 93 consecutive months of Hospital Insurance (Part A); Supplemental Medical Insurance (Part B), if enrolled; and Prescription Drug coverage (Part D), if enrolled, after the nine-month Trial Work Period (TWP). You do not pay a premium for Part A. Although cash benefits may cease due to work, you have the assurance of continued health insurance. (93 months is seven years and nine months.)

When does this start?

The 93 months start the month after the last month of your TWP.

How do you qualify?

You must already have Medicare and be working at substantial gainful activity, but not be medically improved.

Yes. After premium-free Medicare coverage ends due to work, you can buy continued Medicare coverage, as long as you remain medically disabled. If you have limited income and resources, you may be eligible for state assistance with these costs under various Medicare Savings Programs. Your state Health and Human Services agency makes the determination about whether you qualify for this help.

Who is eligible to buy Medicare coverage?

You are eligible to buy Medicare coverage if you meet all of the requirements below:

What kind of Medicare coverage can you buy?

Premium Hospital Insurance (Part A) is available at the same monthly cost that uninsured eligible retired beneficiaries pay. If you have less than 30 quarters of coverage, the premium is $437 in 2019. However, you may qualify for a reduction in this premium (see below).

Premium Supplementary Medical Insurance (Part B) is available at $135.50 per month in 2019 (or higher depending on your income). Social Security will tell you the exact amount you will pay for Part B in 2019.  For more information, see link for “How much does Part B cost?”: https://www.medicare.gov/your-medicare-costs/part-b-costs/part-b-costs.html.

You can buy Part A separately without Part B. You cannot buy Part B unless you also buy Part A. Premium Prescription Drug coverage (Part D) is also available.

Do you qualify for a reduction in your monthly Part A premium?

You may qualify for a 45 percent reduction in the monthly amount of your premium for Part A. You must meet one of the requirements below to qualify for the reduced premium :

When can you enroll?

You may enroll:

For Part D, you may enroll (or change plans) during the annual coordinated election period (October 15 through December 7 of each year). The effective date for the enrollment is January 1 of the upcoming year. There also will be special enrollment periods for some situations.

How does it work with an employer’s group health plan?

Generally, if you purchase Part A and maintain your employer’s group health plan, Medicare will be your primary payer if you are working. Your group health plan would become a secondary payer.

When does the state pay premiums for Medicare?

States are required to pay Part A premiums for some working persons with disabilities. You qualify if you meet these four requirements:

Your TWP is a time when you can test your ability to work. During your TWP, we pay you disability payments no matter how much you earn.
How it works:

1. Lasts for nine months.
2. The nine months do not have to be in a row.
3. Must take place within 60 months (five years).

The publication Working While Disabled: How We Can Help (Publication No. 05-10095) provides the monthly earnings amount that we use to determine if a month counts as a TWP month. This amount changes every year.  

The Next Step – The Extended Period of Eligibility (EPE)

Your EPE starts the month after your TWP ends.
How it works:

After your TWP ends, you get a 36-month EPE. Whether we can pay you during this period depends on how much you work and earn.

• During your EPE, we can pay you for any month your work and earnings are not at a substantial gainful activity (SGA) level, and we can pay you for the first month that your work and earnings are SGA and for the next two months. Your benefits will stop if your work is SGA in any month after your EPE ends

Your Safety Net-Expedited Reinstatement (EXR)

EXR is your safety net if your cash benefits end because of your work. If you make less money or you have to stop working because of your disability, we may be able to restart your benefits right away if all of the requirements are met:

• You stop working above the SGA level.
• Your disability is the same as or related to your current disability.
• You make your request within five years of when your benefits end.

What About Medicare

If your disability payments stop because of your work, the Medicare coverage you have can continue if your disability still meets our rules. It can continue for at least 93 months after your TWP ends.