Table V.A4.—Period Life Expectancy ^a

		Historical data
		At birth				At age 65
Calendar year		Male		Female		Male		Female
1940		61.4		65.7		11.9		13.4
1941		61.9		66.5		12.2		13.8
1942		62.6		67.4		12.4		14.1
1943		62.2		67.1		12.1		13.7
1944		62.7		67.8		12.5		14.1
1945		62.9		68.4		12.6		14.4
1946		64.3		69.2		12.9		14.6
1947		64.6		69.7		12.6		14.5
1948		64.8		70.2		12.7		14.7
1949		65.3		70.7		12.8		14.9
1950		65.6		71.1		12.8		15.1
1951		65.7		71.4		12.8		15.2
1952		65.8		71.6		13.0		15.3
1953		66.0		72.0		12.9		15.3
1954		66.7		72.7		13.2		15.7
1955		66.7		72.8		13.1		15.6
1956		66.7		72.9		13.0		15.7
1957		66.5		72.7		12.9		15.6
1958		66.6		72.9		12.9		15.7
1959		66.8		73.2		13.1		15.9
1960		66.7		73.2		12.9		15.9
1961		67.1		73.6		13.1		16.1
1962		66.9		73.5		12.9		16.0
1963		66.6		73.4		12.7		16.0
1964		66.8		73.7		13.0		16.3
1965		66.8		73.8		12.9		16.3
1966		66.7		73.9		12.9		16.3
1967		66.9		74.3		13.0		16.6
1968		66.6		74.2		12.8		16.6
1969		66.9		74.6		13.0		16.9
1970		67.1		74.9		13.1		17.1
1971		67.4		75.0		13.1		17.1
1972		67.4		75.2		13.1		17.2
1973		67.6		75.5		13.2		17.4
1974		68.3		76.0		13.5		17.7
1975		68.7		76.6		13.7		18.0
1976		69.1		76.8		13.8		18.1
1977		69.4		77.2		13.9		18.3
1978		69.6		77.2		13.9		18.3
1979		70.0		77.7		14.2		18.6
1980		69.9		77.5		14.0		18.4
1981		70.4		77.8		14.3		18.6
1982		70.8		78.2		14.5		18.8
1983		70.9		78.1		14.3		18.6
1984		71.1		78.2		14.4		18.7
1985		71.1		78.2		14.4		18.6
1986		71.1		78.3		14.5		18.7
1987		71.3		78.4		14.7		18.7
1988		71.3		78.3		14.6		18.7
1989		71.6		78.6		14.9		18.9
1990		71.8		78.9		15.0		19.0
1991		72.0		79.0		15.2		19.1
1992		72.3		79.2		15.3		19.2
1993		72.1		78.9		15.2		19.0
1994		72.3		79.0		15.3		19.1
1995		72.5		79.1		15.4		19.0
1996		73.0		79.2		15.5		19.0
1997		73.4		79.3		15.6		19.1
1998		73.7		79.4		15.7		19.0
1999		73.8		79.3		15.7		18.9
2000		74.0		79.4		15.9		19.0
2001		74.1		79.4		16.0		19.0
2002		74.2		79.5		16.1		19.1
2003		74.4		79.6		16.3		19.2
2004		74.8		80.0		16.7		19.5
2005		74.8		80.0		16.7		19.5
2006		75.1		80.2		16.9		19.7
2007		75.4		80.4		17.2		19.9
2008		75.5		80.4		17.2		19.8
2009		75.9		80.8		17.5		20.2
2010		76.1		80.9		17.5		20.2
2011		76.1		80.9		17.6		20.2
2012		76.3		81.0		17.7		20.3
2013		76.3		81.0		17.7		20.3
2014		76.3		81.1		17.8		20.4
2015		76.1		80.9		17.8		20.3
2016		76.0		81.0		17.9		20.5
2017		76.0		81.0		17.9		20.5
2018		76.1		81.1		18.0		20.5
2019		76.2		81.3		18.1		20.7
2020 b		74.1		79.8		16.9		19.7
2021 c		73.5		79.3		17.0		19.8
2022 d		75.1		80.3		17.5		20.1

		Intermediate								Low-cost								High-cost
		At birth				At age 65				At birth				At age 65				At birth				At age 65
Calendar year		Male		Female		Male		Female		Male		Female		Male		Female		Male		Female		Male		Female
2023		76.1		81.2		18.1		20.7		75.8		80.9		17.9		20.5		76.4		81.5		18.3		20.9
2024		76.4		81.4		18.3		20.9		76.0		81.1		18.1		20.7		76.8		81.8		18.6		21.1
2025		76.6		81.6		18.4		21.0		76.1		81.2		18.2		20.7		77.1		82.1		18.8		21.3
2026		76.7		81.7		18.5		21.1		76.1		81.3		18.2		20.8		77.3		82.3		18.9		21.4
2027		76.8		81.8		18.6		21.1		76.1		81.3		18.2		20.8		77.5		82.4		19.0		21.5
2028		76.9		81.9		18.6		21.2		76.2		81.3		18.2		20.8		77.7		82.6		19.1		21.6
2029		77.0		82.0		18.7		21.2		76.2		81.3		18.2		20.8		77.9		82.8		19.3		21.8
2030		77.1		82.1		18.8		21.3		76.2		81.4		18.3		20.8		78.2		83.0		19.4		21.9
2031		77.2		82.1		18.8		21.3		76.3		81.4		18.3		20.9		78.4		83.1		19.5		22.0
2032		77.3		82.2		18.9		21.4		76.3		81.4		18.3		20.9		78.6		83.3		19.6		22.1
2033		77.4		82.3		19.0		21.5		76.3		81.5		18.3		20.9		78.8		83.5		19.8		22.2
2034		77.5		82.4		19.0		21.5		76.4		81.5		18.4		20.9		79.0		83.7		19.9		22.3
2035		77.6		82.5		19.1		21.6		76.4		81.5		18.4		20.9		79.2		83.8		20.0		22.4
2036		77.7		82.6		19.1		21.6		76.4		81.6		18.4		21.0		79.4		84.0		20.1		22.5
2037		77.8		82.7		19.2		21.7		76.5		81.6		18.4		21.0		79.6		84.2		20.3		22.6
2038		77.9		82.8		19.3		21.8		76.5		81.6		18.4		21.0		79.8		84.3		20.4		22.8
2039		78.0		82.9		19.3		21.8		76.5		81.6		18.5		21.0		80.0		84.5		20.5		22.9
2040		78.1		83.0		19.4		21.9		76.6		81.7		18.5		21.0		80.2		84.6		20.6		23.0
2041		78.3		83.1		19.5		21.9		76.6		81.7		18.5		21.1		80.4		84.8		20.7		23.1
2042		78.4		83.2		19.5		22.0		76.7		81.7		18.5		21.1		80.6		85.0		20.9		23.2
2043		78.5		83.2		19.6		22.0		76.7		81.8		18.6		21.1		80.8		85.1		21.0		23.3
2044		78.6		83.3		19.7		22.1		76.7		81.8		18.6		21.1		81.0		85.3		21.1		23.4
2045		78.7		83.4		19.7		22.2		76.8		81.8		18.6		21.1		81.1		85.4		21.2		23.5
2046		78.8		83.5		19.8		22.2		76.8		81.9		18.6		21.2		81.3		85.6		21.3		23.6
2047		78.9		83.6		19.8		22.3		76.8		81.9		18.6		21.2		81.5		85.7		21.4		23.7
2048		79.0		83.7		19.9		22.3		76.9		81.9		18.7		21.2		81.7		85.9		21.5		23.8
2049		79.1		83.8		20.0		22.4		76.9		82.0		18.7		21.2		81.9		86.0		21.6		23.9
2050		79.2		83.8		20.0		22.4		77.0		82.0		18.7		21.2		82.0		86.1		21.7		24.0
2051		79.3		83.9		20.1		22.5		77.0		82.0		18.7		21.3		82.2		86.3		21.8		24.0
2052		79.4		84.0		20.1		22.5		77.0		82.1		18.8		21.3		82.4		86.4		21.9		24.1
2053		79.5		84.1		20.2		22.6		77.1		82.1		18.8		21.3		82.6		86.6		22.0		24.2
2054		79.6		84.2		20.3		22.6		77.1		82.1		18.8		21.3		82.7		86.7		22.1		24.3
2055		79.7		84.3		20.3		22.7		77.2		82.2		18.8		21.3		82.9		86.8		22.2		24.4
2056		79.8		84.3		20.4		22.7		77.2		82.2		18.8		21.4		83.0		87.0		22.3		24.5
2057		79.9		84.4		20.4		22.8		77.2		82.2		18.9		21.4		83.2		87.1		22.4		24.6
2058		80.0		84.5		20.5		22.9		77.3		82.3		18.9		21.4		83.4		87.2		22.5		24.7
2059		80.1		84.6		20.6		22.9		77.3		82.3		18.9		21.4		83.5		87.3		22.6		24.8
2060		80.2		84.7		20.6		23.0		77.3		82.3		18.9		21.4		83.7		87.5		22.7		24.8
2061		80.3		84.7		20.7		23.0		77.4		82.3		19.0		21.5		83.8		87.6		22.8		24.9
2062		80.4		84.8		20.7		23.1		77.4		82.4		19.0		21.5		84.0		87.7		22.9		25.0
2063		80.5		84.9		20.8		23.1		77.5		82.4		19.0		21.5		84.1		87.8		23.0		25.1
2064		80.6		85.0		20.8		23.2		77.5		82.4		19.0		21.5		84.3		87.9		23.1		25.2
2065		80.7		85.0		20.9		23.2		77.5		82.5		19.0		21.5		84.4		88.1		23.2		25.3
2066		80.8		85.1		21.0		23.3		77.6		82.5		19.1		21.6		84.6		88.2		23.3		25.3
2067		80.9		85.2		21.0		23.3		77.6		82.5		19.1		21.6		84.7		88.3		23.4		25.4
2068		81.0		85.3		21.1		23.4		77.6		82.6		19.1		21.6		84.9		88.4		23.5		25.5
2069		81.1		85.4		21.1		23.4		77.7		82.6		19.1		21.6		85.0		88.5		23.6		25.6
2070		81.1		85.4		21.2		23.5		77.7		82.6		19.1		21.6		85.1		88.6		23.7		25.6
2071		81.2		85.5		21.2		23.5		77.7		82.7		19.2		21.7		85.3		88.7		23.7		25.7
2072		81.3		85.6		21.3		23.6		77.8		82.7		19.2		21.7		85.4		88.8		23.8		25.8
2073		81.4		85.6		21.3		23.6		77.8		82.7		19.2		21.7		85.5		88.9		23.9		25.9
2074		81.5		85.7		21.4		23.7		77.9		82.7		19.2		21.7		85.7		89.0		24.0		25.9
2075		81.6		85.8		21.4		23.7		77.9		82.8		19.3		21.7		85.8		89.1		24.1		26.0
2076		81.7		85.9		21.5		23.7		77.9		82.8		19.3		21.8		85.9		89.2		24.2		26.1
2077		81.8		85.9		21.6		23.8		78.0		82.8		19.3		21.8		86.1		89.3		24.2		26.2
2078		81.9		86.0		21.6		23.8		78.0		82.9		19.3		21.8		86.2		89.4		24.3		26.2
2079		81.9		86.1		21.7		23.9		78.0		82.9		19.3		21.8		86.3		89.5		24.4		26.3
2080		82.0		86.1		21.7		23.9		78.1		82.9		19.4		21.8		86.4		89.6		24.5		26.4
2081		82.1		86.2		21.8		24.0		78.1		83.0		19.4		21.8		86.5		89.7		24.6		26.4
2082		82.2		86.3		21.8		24.0		78.1		83.0		19.4		21.9		86.7		89.8		24.6		26.5
2083		82.3		86.3		21.9		24.1		78.2		83.0		19.4		21.9		86.8		89.9		24.7		26.6
2084		82.4		86.4		21.9		24.1		78.2		83.0		19.4		21.9		86.9		90.0		24.8		26.6
2085		82.4		86.5		22.0		24.2		78.3		83.1		19.5		21.9		87.0		90.1		24.9		26.7
2086		82.5		86.5		22.0		24.2		78.3		83.1		19.5		21.9		87.1		90.2		24.9		26.8
2087		82.6		86.6		22.1		24.2		78.3		83.1		19.5		22.0		87.2		90.3		25.0		26.8
2088		82.7		86.7		22.1		24.3		78.4		83.2		19.5		22.0		87.4		90.4		25.1		26.9
2089		82.8		86.7		22.2		24.3		78.4		83.2		19.5		22.0		87.5		90.5		25.2		27.0
2090		82.9		86.8		22.2		24.4		78.4		83.2		19.6		22.0		87.6		90.5		25.2		27.0
2091		82.9		86.9		22.3		24.4		78.5		83.3		19.6		22.0		87.7		90.6		25.3		27.1
2092		83.0		86.9		22.3		24.5		78.5		83.3		19.6		22.1		87.8		90.7		25.4		27.2
2093		83.1		87.0		22.4		24.5		78.5		83.3		19.6		22.1		87.9		90.8		25.5		27.2
2094		83.2		87.1		22.4		24.6		78.6		83.3		19.6		22.1		88.0		90.9		25.5		27.3
2095		83.3		87.1		22.5		24.6		78.6		83.4		19.7		22.1		88.1		91.0		25.6		27.3
2096		83.3		87.2		22.5		24.6		78.6		83.4		19.7		22.1		88.2		91.0		25.7		27.4
2097		83.4		87.3		22.6		24.7		78.7		83.4		19.7		22.1		88.3		91.1		25.7		27.5
2098		83.5		87.3		22.6		24.7		78.7		83.5		19.7		22.2		88.4		91.2		25.8		27.5
2099		83.6		87.4		22.7		24.8		78.7		83.5		19.7		22.2		88.5		91.3		25.9		27.6
2100		83.6		87.4		22.7		24.8		78.8		83.5		19.8		22.2		88.6		91.3		25.9		27.6

---

a The period life expectancy at a given age for a given year is the average remaining number of years expected prior to death for a person at that exact age, born on January 1, using the mortality rates for that year over the course of his or her remaining life. b Estimated using final data for ages below 65 and preliminary data for ages 65 and older. c Estimated using the intermediate assumptions for ages below 65 and preliminary data for ages 65 and older. d Estimated, intermediate alternative.